Prommer Nicole, Ehrmann Ulrich, Schmidt Walter, Steinacker Jürgen M, Radermacher Peter, Muth Claus-Martin
Arbeitsbereich Sportmedizin, Universität, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007 Dec;101(6):753-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0556-y. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
In diving mammals splenic contraction increases circulating red cell volume, whereas in humans increased haemoglobin concentrations have been reported. It is unknown, however, whether repetitive apnea diving also comprises an adaptive increase in total red cell volume as reported in endurance athletes. The first aim of the study therefore was to investigate the effect of repeated apnea dives on splenic size and putative red cell release in trained apnea divers (n = 10) and control subjects (SCUBA divers performing apneas without long-term apnea training, n = 7). Long-term effects of repetitive apnea diving may elevate the oxygen transport capacity by an adaptive increase in total haemoglobin mass as reported in endurance athletes. The second goal, therefore, was to compare the trained apnea divers' and the control divers' total haemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) with that of endurance-trained (n = 9) and untrained (n = 10) non-divers. Before and immediately after a series of five dives to a depth of 4 m in a heated pool, spleen volume was assessed with ultrasound tomography. tHb-mass and plasma volume were measured using the CO-rebreathing method. In the trained apnea divers, repeated apnea dives resulted in a 25% reduction of spleen size (P < 0.001), whereas no significant effect was observed in the control subjects. While tHb-mass did not differ between trained apnea divers, untrained SCUBA divers performing apneas and untrained non-divers, it was 30% lower than in endurance-trained non-divers. We conclude that prolonged apnea training causes marked apnea-induced splenic contraction. In contrast to athletes in endurance sports, the trained apnea divers did not present with increased total haemoglobin mass and, hence, no increase in blood oxygen stores.
在潜水哺乳动物中，脾脏收缩会增加循环红细胞量，而在人类中则有血红蛋白浓度升高的报道。然而，尚不清楚重复性屏气潜水是否也像耐力运动员那样会使总红细胞量适应性增加。因此，本研究的首要目的是调查重复屏气潜水对经过训练的屏气潜水员（n = 10）和对照受试者（未经过长期屏气训练的进行屏气的水肺潜水员，n = 7）脾脏大小以及假定的红细胞释放的影响。重复性屏气潜水的长期影响可能会像耐力运动员那样通过总血红蛋白量的适应性增加来提高氧运输能力。因此，第二个目标是将经过训练的屏气潜水员和对照潜水员的总血红蛋白量（tHb-mass）与耐力训练的（n = 9）和未训练的（n = 10）非潜水员进行比较。在温水池中进行一系列五次深度为4米的潜水之前和之后，立即用超声断层扫描评估脾脏体积。使用一氧化碳再呼吸法测量tHb-mass和血浆量。在经过训练的屏气潜水员中，重复屏气潜水导致脾脏大小减少25%（P < 0.001），而在对照受试者中未观察到显著影响。虽然经过训练的屏气潜水员、进行屏气的未训练水肺潜水员和未训练的非潜水员之间的tHb-mass没有差异，但比耐力训练的非潜水员低30%。我们得出结论，长期屏气训练会导致明显的屏气诱导的脾脏收缩。与耐力运动的运动员不同，经过训练的屏气潜水员并没有出现总血红蛋白量增加，因此也没有增加血液氧储备。
