Marty P, Izri A, Ozon C, Haas P, Rosenthal E, Del Giudice P, Godenir J, Coulibaly E, Gari-Toussaint M, Delaunay P, Ferrua B, Haas H, Pratlong F, Le Fichoux Y
Equipe de Recherche sur les Leishmanioses, Faculté de Médecine, 28, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 2, France.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2007 Oct;101(7):563-74. doi: 10.1179/136485907X229121.
A century of publications on leishmaniasis in Alpes-Maritimes, in southern France, is here reviewed. Autochtonous human and canine leishmaniasis were first recognised in this département, which lies by the Mediterranean Sea and near the Italian border, in 1918 and 1925, respectively. The parasite responsible for the leishmaniasis, Leishmania infantum, is transmitted by Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. ariasi. The human leishmaniasis is zoonotic, with domestic dogs acting as the main 'reservoir' hosts. In prospective surveys over the last two decades, a mean of 12% of the domestic dogs checked in Alpes-Maritimes have been found seropositive for L. infantum but only about 50% of the seropositive animals showed any clinical signs of infection at the time of the surveys. During the last 30 years, 178 cases of human visceral leishmaniasis have been recorded in the area. Such cases are sporadic and often opportunistic, occurring predominantly in children (29% of the 178 cases) or HIV-positive subjects (31%). Recently, it has been demonstrated that, in Alpes-Maritimes, approximately 20% of those found seropositive in leishmanin skin tests are asymptomatic carriers, with amastigotes in their peripheral blood.
本文回顾了法国南部滨海阿尔卑斯省一个世纪以来关于利什曼病的出版物。1918年和1925年，分别在这个位于地中海沿岸且靠近意大利边境的省份首次发现了本地的人类和犬类利什曼病。导致利什曼病的寄生虫——婴儿利什曼原虫，通过白蛉传播，主要传播媒介为有害白蛉和阿氏白蛉。人类利什曼病为人畜共患病，家犬是主要的“储存宿主”。在过去二十年的前瞻性调查中，滨海阿尔卑斯省接受检查的家犬平均有12%被检测出婴儿利什曼原虫血清学阳性，但在调查时，只有约50%的血清学阳性动物表现出任何感染的临床症状。在过去30年里，该地区共记录了178例人类内脏利什曼病病例。这些病例呈散发性，且往往是机会性感染，主要发生在儿童（178例中的29%）或艾滋病毒阳性者（31%）身上。最近有研究表明，在滨海阿尔卑斯省，利什曼菌素皮肤试验血清学阳性者中约20%是无症状携带者，其外周血中有无鞭毛体。
