Evensen O, Thorud K E, Olsen Y A
National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Res Vet Sci. 1991 Sep;51(2):215-22. doi: 10.1016/0034-5288(91)90017-i.
Infectious anaemia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was studied by recording gross and light microscopic changes, and the development of lesions was studied in relation to haematocrit values. Gross lesions were characterised by ascites formation, congestion and enlargement of liver and spleen, congestion of the foregut and petechiae in the peritoneum. Histologically, lesions were demonstrated in the liver, being characterised by congestion in early stages (that is, haematocrit values around 25), dilatation of the sinusoids, and in later stages (haematocrit values 25 to 15) formation of blood-filled spaces bearing morphological resemblance to peliosis hepatis. At low haematocrit values (around 10), these changes comprised large areas of the liver parenchyma, that is, blood-filled areas coalesced, presenting islets of degenerate and necrotic hepatocytes. At this stage, haemorrhagic necroses were found. Spleen and kidney lesions were characterised by congestion. In the foregut, congestion and bleeding in lamina propria were observed. Liver lesions became more disseminated and severe with decreasing haematocrit values. Hypoxia due to anaemia alone cannot fully explain the development of the liver lesions.
通过记录大体和光学显微镜下的变化，对大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）的传染性贫血进行了研究，并结合血细胞比容值研究了病变的发展情况。大体病变的特征为腹水形成、肝脏和脾脏充血肿大、前肠充血以及腹膜瘀点。组织学上，肝脏出现病变，早期（即血细胞比容值约为25时）表现为充血，窦状隙扩张，后期（血细胞比容值为25至15时）形成充满血液的间隙，形态上类似于肝紫癜。在低血细胞比容值（约为10）时，这些变化累及肝实质的大片区域，即充满血液的区域融合，出现退化和坏死的肝细胞岛。在此阶段，发现了出血性坏死。脾脏和肾脏病变的特征为充血。在前肠，观察到固有层充血和出血。随着血细胞比容值降低，肝脏病变变得更加广泛和严重。仅由贫血引起的缺氧不能完全解释肝脏病变的发展。
