Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada.
Mem Cognit. 2010 Jan;38(1):83-91. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.1.83.
Several studies have shown that recall performance depends on the extent to which an item differs from other items in a sequence (the distinctiveness effect; see, e.g., Kelley & Nairne, 2001). Distinctiveness effects, however, have been demonstrated mainly in the verbal domain. The present study extends distinctiveness effects to the spatial domain. In two experiments, participants recalled the order in which series of spatially located dots had been presented. Item discriminability was varied within the sequence by manipulating the duration of the interval inserted between the presentation of the dots (Experiment 1) and the perceptual characteristics of the stimuli (Experiment 2). The results showed that these manipulations in the spatial domain produce distinctiveness effects similar to those observed with verbal material (see, e.g., Neath & Crowder, 1990) and suggest that distinctiveness models of memory should take into account the processing of spatial information.
几项研究表明，回忆表现取决于项目与序列中其他项目的差异程度（独特性效应；例如，见 Kelley & Nairne, 2001）。然而，独特性效应主要在言语领域得到了证明。本研究将独特性效应扩展到空间领域。在两项实验中，参与者回忆了一系列空间位置上的点呈现的顺序。通过在点呈现之间插入的间隔的持续时间（实验 1）和刺激的感知特征（实验 2）在序列内改变项目可辨别性，来操纵项目可辨别性。结果表明，这些在空间域中的操作产生了类似于与言语材料观察到的（例如，见 Neath & Crowder, 1990）的独特性效应，并表明记忆的独特性模型应该考虑空间信息的处理。
