Lattal K Matthew, Bernardi Rick E
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Behav Neurosci. 2007 Oct;121(5):1140-3. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.121.5.1140.
The idea that learning proceeds as a function of the discrepancy (or error) between expected and obtained outcomes is central to many theories of associative learning. However, remarkably little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this learning of predictive errors in fear conditioning, a widely used preparation in studies of cellular and molecular mechanisms of memory. In this issue of Behavioral Neuroscience, S. Cole and G. P. McNally demonstrate an important dissociation between the establishment and regulation of predictive error at the cellular level. Their findings have added a level of complexity to currently established views of the function of NMDA and opioid receptors in learning and memory. This commentary discusses some of the implications of these findings for theoretical and neurobiological approaches to memory, as well as current thinking about the cellular circuitry involved in reward learning and drug abuse.
学习是作为预期结果与实际获得结果之间差异（或误差）的函数而进行的，这一观点是许多联想学习理论的核心。然而，对于恐惧条件反射中这种预测误差学习背后的神经生物学机制，人们却知之甚少，恐惧条件反射是研究记忆的细胞和分子机制时广泛使用的实验范式。在本期《行为神经科学》中，S. 科尔和G. P. 麦克纳利证明了在细胞水平上预测误差的建立和调节之间存在重要的分离。他们的发现为目前关于NMDA和阿片受体在学习和记忆中功能的既定观点增添了一层复杂性。本评论讨论了这些发现对记忆的理论和神经生物学研究方法的一些影响，以及当前对奖励学习和药物滥用中涉及的细胞回路的思考。
