Kelly A M Clare, Margulies Daniel S, Castellanos F Xavier
Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2007 Oct;9(5):401-7. doi: 10.1007/s11920-007-0052-4.
The field of neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now 30 years old. This brief selective review highlights the increasing sophistication of recent structural and functional neuroimaging studies of ADHD. In volumetric studies, investigators are examining extra-frontal, as well as frontal-striatal circuits and beginning to differentiate the potential effects of medication exposure. Functional MRI studies are focusing on familial/genetic influences and enrolling medication naïve, as well as medicated children with ADHD. A promising trend is the application of resting state approaches to mapping functional connectivity, which provides unexpectedly detailed information about interregional relationships while bypassing potentially confounding issues related to task performance. These developments allow us to conclude that neuroimaging studies of ADHD will increasingly inform our understanding of the neuronal substrates of ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的神经影像学领域如今已有30年历史。这篇简短的选择性综述突出了近期ADHD结构和功能神经影像学研究日益复杂的情况。在容积研究中，研究人员正在检查额叶外以及额叶 - 纹状体回路，并开始区分药物暴露的潜在影响。功能磁共振成像研究聚焦于家族/遗传影响，纳入未用药以及正在接受药物治疗的ADHD儿童。一个有前景的趋势是应用静息态方法来绘制功能连接，这在绕过与任务表现相关的潜在混淆问题的同时，提供了关于区域间关系的意外详细信息。这些进展使我们能够得出结论，ADHD的神经影像学研究将越来越有助于我们理解ADHD的神经元基础。
