Hammond Samantha N, Gordon Aubree L, Lugo Emperatriz del C, Moreno Gilberto, Kuan Guillermina M, López María M, López Josefa D, Delgado Marco A, Valle Sonia I, Espinoza Perla M, Harris Eva
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2007 Sep;44(5):851-60. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[851:coaadc]2.0.co;2.
To characterize the production patterns of the dengue virus vector Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culcidae), pupal surveys were conducted in selected neighborhoods of two major cities in Nicaragua. In León, 833 houses were visited in July and September 2003, corresponding to the beginning and middle of the dengue season; in Managua, 1,365 homes were visited in July 2003. In total, 7,607 containers were characterized, of which 11% were positive for Ae. aegypti larvae and 4% for pupae. In addition to barrels, potted plants and superficial water on tarps and in puddles were identified as highly productive sites. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed frequency of container use, use of a lid, and rainwater filling as key variables affecting pupal positivity. Importantly, this survey demonstrated the risk associated with the presence of lids, the limited temporal efficacy of temephos, and the lack of association of water availability with risky water storage practices. Finally, we introduce the concept of an efficiency value and an accompanying graphical display system that can facilitate development of targeted pupal control strategies. These data underscore the importance of entomological surveillance of pupal productivity to gather information from which to derive streamlined, efficient, and effective vector control measures to reduce the density of Aedes mosquito larvae and pupae and thus the risk for dengue.
为了描述登革热病毒传播媒介埃及伊蚊（双翅目：蚊科）的繁殖模式，在尼加拉瓜两个主要城市的选定社区进行了蛹调查。在莱昂，2003年7月和9月走访了833户家庭，分别对应登革热季节的开始和中期；在马那瓜，2003年7月走访了1365户家庭。总共对7607个容器进行了特征描述，其中11%的容器中有埃及伊蚊幼虫，4%的容器中有蛹。除了水桶外，盆栽植物以及篷布和水坑中的地表水也被确定为高产繁殖场所。单变量和多变量分析显示，容器使用频率、是否有盖子以及雨水填充情况是影响蛹阳性率的关键变量。重要的是，这项调查表明了有盖子存在的风险、特灭磷的有限时效性以及可用水量与危险储水做法之间缺乏关联。最后，我们引入了效率值的概念以及配套的图形显示系统，这有助于制定有针对性的蛹控制策略。这些数据强调了对蛹繁殖率进行昆虫学监测的重要性，以便收集信息，从中得出简化、高效且有效的病媒控制措施，以降低埃及伊蚊幼虫和蛹的密度，从而降低登革热风险。
