Arlington, VA, USA.
Collins, McDonald & Gann, P.C., Carle Place, NY, USA.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007 Oct 11;4:12. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-4-12.
Rule violations among elite-level sports competitors and tragedies among adolescents have largely defined the issue of non-medical anabolic-androgenic steroid (NMAAS) use for the public and policy makers. However, the predominant and oft-ignored segment of the NMAAS community exists in the general population that is neither participating in competitive sports nor adolescent. A clearer profile of NMAAS users within the general population is an initial step in developing a full understanding of NMAAS use and devising appropriate policy and interventions. This survey sought to provide a more comprehensive profile of NMAAS users by accessing a large sample of user respondents from around the United States.
U.S.-based male NMAAS users (n = 1955) were recruited from various Internet websites dedicated to resistance training activities and use of ergogenic substances, mass emails, and print media to participate in a 291-item web-based survey. The Internet was utilized to provide a large and geographically diverse sample with the greatest degree of anonymity to facilitate participation.
The majority of respondents did not initiate AAS use during adolescence and their NMAAS use was not motivated by athletics. The typical user was a Caucasian, highly-educated, gainfully employed professional approximately 30 years of age, who was earning an above-average income, was not active in organized sports, and whose use was motivated by increases in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical attractiveness. These findings question commonly held views of the typical NMAAS user and the associated underlying motivations.
The focus on "cheating" athletes and at risk youth has led to ineffective policy as it relates to the predominant group of NMAAS users. Effective policy, prevention or intervention should address the target population(s) and their reasons for use while utilizing their desire for responsible use and education.
精英级别的运动员的违规行为和青少年的悲剧事件在很大程度上定义了公众和政策制定者关注的非医疗性合成代谢雄激素类固醇（NMAAS）使用问题。然而，在普通人群中，存在着一个被忽视的 NMAAS 群体，他们既不参加竞技体育，也不是青少年。了解普通人群中 NMAAS 使用者的更清晰概况是全面了解 NMAAS 使用情况并制定适当政策和干预措施的第一步。这项调查旨在通过从美国各地的大量用户受访者中获取样本，更全面地了解 NMAAS 用户。
从各种专门从事阻力训练活动和使用促合成代谢物质、群发电子邮件和印刷媒体的美国互联网网站招募了 1955 名基于美国的男性 NMAAS 用户，以参与一项 291 项的基于网络的调查。利用互联网提供了最大程度匿名的、具有广泛地理分布的大型样本，以促进参与。
大多数受访者在青少年时期并没有开始使用 AAS，他们使用 NMAAS 并不是为了运动。典型的使用者是白人、受过高等教育、有收入的专业人士，年龄约为 30 岁，收入高于平均水平，不参加有组织的运动，使用 NMAAS 的动机是增加骨骼肌质量、力量和身体吸引力。这些发现质疑了人们对典型 NMAAS 用户的普遍看法以及相关的潜在动机。
对“作弊”运动员和处于危险中的青年的关注导致了与主要 NMAAS 用户群体相关的无效政策。有效的政策、预防或干预措施应针对目标人群及其使用原因，并利用他们对负责任使用和教育的渴望。
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