Tatar M, Hanacek J, Widdicombe J
Dept of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
Eur Respir J. 2008 Feb;31(2):385-90. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00063507. Epub 2007 Oct 24.
The expiration reflex (ER) is a forced expiratory effort against a closed glottis that subsequently opens to eject laryngeal debris and prevent aspiration of material. It is distinct from the cough reflex. Its source is usually assumed to be restricted to the larynx and vocal folds, and its possible origin from the tracheobronchial (TB) tree has been suggested but never studied. The current authors re-analysed previous records with mechanical or chemical stimulation of the TB tree to see if an ER can consistently be elicited, and to see whether it has properties similar to that from the larynx and vocal folds. A random review was made of some of the extensive literature on TB "cough" to see if it confirmed the authors' conclusions. The TBER was consistently seen in cats and rabbits, either alone or followed by cough. These results are consistent with many studies in other species, including humans. It was enhanced, relative to cough, by inflation of the lungs and by general anaesthesia. Tracheobronchial expiration reflex occurs frequently with mechanical stimulation of the tracheobronchial tree. It differs fundamentally from many of the properties of "true" cough. Its features similar to the laryngeal expiration reflex suggest that both should be labelled "expiration reflexes" and not cough. Its existence should be taken into account in experimental, and possibly clinical, studies on tracheobronchial cough.
呼气反射（ER）是一种在声门关闭时进行的用力呼气动作，随后声门打开以排出喉部异物并防止物质误吸。它与咳嗽反射不同。其起源通常被认为局限于喉部和声襞，有人提出它可能起源于气管支气管（TB）树，但从未进行过研究。本文作者重新分析了先前对气管支气管树进行机械或化学刺激的记录，以观察是否能持续诱发呼气反射，并观察其是否具有与喉部和声襞的呼气反射相似的特性。作者对一些关于气管支气管“咳嗽”的大量文献进行了随机回顾，以查看其是否证实了作者的结论。在猫和兔子身上持续观察到气管支气管呼气反射（TBER），单独出现或随后伴有咳嗽。这些结果与包括人类在内的其他物种的许多研究一致。相对于咳嗽，肺膨胀和全身麻醉会增强这种反射。气管支气管树受到机械刺激时，气管支气管呼气反射经常发生。它与“真正的”咳嗽的许多特性有根本区别。其与喉部呼气反射相似的特征表明，两者都应被称为“呼气反射”而非咳嗽。在关于气管支气管咳嗽的实验研究以及可能的临床研究中，应考虑到它的存在。
