Teske J A, Billington C J, Kotz C M
VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
Neuroendocrinology. 2008;87(2):71-90. doi: 10.1159/000110802. Epub 2007 Nov 5.
Lean individuals have high levels of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and the energy expenditure derived from that activity, termed non-exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT, appears to protect them from obesity. Conversely, obesity in different human populations is characterized by low levels of SPA and NEAT. Like in humans, elevated SPA in rats appears to protect against obesity: obesity-resistant rats have significantly greater SPA and NEAT than obesity-prone rats. We review the literature on brain mechanisms important in mediating SPA and NEAT. The focus is on neuropeptides, including cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor), neuromedin U, neuropeptide Y, leptin, agouti-related protein, orexin-A (also known as hypocretin-1), and ghrelin. We also review information regarding interactions between these neuropeptides and dopamine, a neurotransmitter important in mediating motor function. Finally, we present evidence that elevated signaling of pathways mediating SPA and NEAT may protect against weight gain and obesity.
瘦人具有高水平的自发身体活动（SPA），且源自该活动的能量消耗，即所谓的非运动活动产热或NEAT，似乎能保护他们免受肥胖之苦。相反，不同人群中的肥胖特征是SPA和NEAT水平较低。与人类一样，大鼠中升高的SPA似乎能预防肥胖：抗肥胖大鼠的SPA和NEAT明显高于易肥胖大鼠。我们综述了关于介导SPA和NEAT的重要脑机制的文献。重点是神经肽，包括胆囊收缩素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（也称为促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子）、神经降压素U、神经肽Y、瘦素、刺鼠相关蛋白、食欲素A（也称为下丘脑泌素-1）和胃饥饿素。我们还综述了有关这些神经肽与多巴胺之间相互作用的信息，多巴胺是一种在介导运动功能中起重要作用的神经递质。最后，我们提供证据表明，介导SPA和NEAT的信号通路增强可能预防体重增加和肥胖。
