Tengland Per-Anders
Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmo, Sweden.
Health Care Anal. 2008 Jun;16(2):77-96. doi: 10.1007/s10728-007-0067-3. Epub 2007 Nov 6.
The concept of 'empowerment' is used frequently in a number of professional areas, from psychotherapy to social work. But even if the same term is used, it is not always clear if the concept denotes the same goals or the same practice in these various fields. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the discussion and to find a plausible and useful definition of the concept that is suitable for work in various professions. Several suggestions are discussed in the paper, for example control over life or health, autonomy, ability, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and freedom, and it is concluded that there are two plausible complementary uses, one as a goal and one as a process or approach. Empowerment as a goal is to have control over the determinants of one's quality of life, and empowerment as a process is to create a professional relation where the client or community takes control over the change process, determining both the goals of this process and the means to use.
“赋权”这一概念在从心理治疗到社会工作等诸多专业领域中被频繁使用。但即便使用的是同一个术语，在这些不同领域中，该概念是否指代相同的目标或相同的实践，却并非总是清晰明确的。本文的目的在于厘清相关讨论，并找到一个适用于各专业工作的、合理且有用的该概念定义。文中讨论了若干建议，比如对生活或健康的掌控、自主性、能力、自我效能感、自尊以及自由等，得出的结论是有两种合理的互补用法，一种作为目标，另一种作为过程或方法。作为目标的赋权是指对自身生活质量的决定因素具有掌控力，而作为过程的赋权是指建立一种专业关系，在此关系中，服务对象或社区对变革过程拥有掌控权，决定该过程的目标以及所采用的手段。
