Lundstedt Staffan, White Paul A, Lemieux Christine L, Lynes Krista D, Lambert Iain B, Oberg Lars, Haglund Peter, Tysklind Mats
Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
Ambio. 2007 Sep;36(6):475-85. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[475:sfatho]2.0.co;2.
In this paper we show that oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) are important cocontaminants that should be taken into account during risk assessment and remediation of sites with high levels of PAHs. The presented data, which have been collected both from our own research and the published literature, demonstrate that oxy-PAHs are abundant but neglected contaminants at these sites. The oxy-PAHs show relatively high persistency and because they are formed through transformation of PAHs, their concentrations in the environment may even increase as the sites are remediated by methods that promote PAH degradation. Furthermore, we show that oxy-PAHs are toxic to both humans and the environment, although the toxicity seems to be manifested through other effects than those known to be important for polycyclic aromatic compounds in general, that is, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Finally, we present data that support the hypothesis that oxy-PAHs are more mobile in the environment than PAHs, due to their polarity, and thus have a higher tendency to spread from contaminated sites via surface water and groundwater. We believe that oxy-PAHs should be included in monitoring programs at PAH-contaminated sites, even if a number of other toxicologically relevant compounds that may also be present, such as nitro-PAHs and azaarenes, are not monitored. This is because oxy-PAH levels are difficult to predict from the PAH levels, because their environmental behavior differs substantially from that of PAHs, and oxy-PAHs may be formed as PAHs are degraded.
在本文中，我们表明含氧多环芳烃（oxy-PAHs）是重要的共污染物，在对多环芳烃含量高的场地进行风险评估和修复时应予以考虑。本文所呈现的数据，既有我们自己的研究收集的，也有已发表文献中的，这些数据表明oxy-PAHs在这些场地中含量丰富但被忽视。oxy-PAHs显示出相对较高的持久性，并且由于它们是通过多环芳烃的转化形成的，在通过促进多环芳烃降解的方法对场地进行修复时，其在环境中的浓度甚至可能增加。此外，我们表明oxy-PAHs对人类和环境均有毒性，尽管其毒性似乎是通过与一般已知对多环芳烃重要的那些效应（即致突变性和致癌性）不同的其他效应表现出来的。最后，我们提供的数据支持这样一个假设，即由于其极性，oxy-PAHs在环境中比多环芳烃更具流动性，因此更倾向于通过地表水和地下水从受污染场地扩散开来。我们认为，即使在多环芳烃污染场地的监测计划中不监测许多其他可能存在的毒理学相关化合物（如硝基多环芳烃和氮杂芳烃），也应将oxy-PAHs纳入其中。这是因为oxy-PAHs的水平很难从多环芳烃的水平预测出来，因为它们的环境行为与多环芳烃有很大不同，而且在多环芳烃降解时可能会形成oxy-PAHs。
