Ritchie Scott A, van den Hurk Andrew F, Zborowski Paul, Kerlin Tim J, Banks David, Walker James A, Lee Jonathan M, Montgomery Brian L, Smith Greg A, Pyke Alyssa T, Smith Ina L
Tropical Population Health Unit, Queensland Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2007 Winter;7(4):497-506. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2006.0643.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) appears nearly annually in the Torres Strait in far northern Queensland, Australia, and is a threat to invade the Australian mainland. Surveillance has involved the use of sentinel pigs that develop detectable viremias and antibody titers to JEV. However, pigs are amplifying hosts for JEV, and thus pose a health risk to the public and to pig handlers who bleed the pigs. A remote mosquito trap system would not have these risks. We report on trials using a remote mosquito trap system for the surveillance of JEV in the Torres Strait. The Mosquito Magnet (MM) Pro, MM Liberty Plus, and a novel updraft trap, the NAQS Mozzie Trap, were run at Badu and Moa islands in the Torres Strait and at Bamaga in the northern Cape York Peninsula from 2002-2005. TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect JEV nucleic acid in weekly mosquito collections. Sentinel pigs located at Badu were also bled and the serum processed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR for JEV antigen and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-JEV antibodies. JEV was detected in mosquito collections each year but not in each trap. No JEV was detected in trapped mosquitoes before detection in sentinel pigs. The mosquito trap system cost ca. AU$10,000 per site, about AU$5,000 less than a pig-based system. However, trap failures caused by mosquito-clogged motors, electrical faults, and blocked gas lines reduced the efficacy of some mosquito traps. Nonetheless, a remote mosquito trap system, employing stand alone traps and PCR for viral antigen detection, can be a safe, economical way to detect arbovirus activity in remote areas.
日本脑炎病毒（JEV）几乎每年都会出现在澳大利亚昆士兰州北部遥远的托雷斯海峡，并且有入侵澳大利亚大陆的威胁。监测工作涉及使用哨兵猪，这些猪会出现可检测到的病毒血症以及针对JEV的抗体滴度。然而，猪是JEV的扩增宿主，因此对公众以及给猪采血的养猪人员都构成健康风险。远程蚊虫诱捕系统则不会有这些风险。我们报告了使用远程蚊虫诱捕系统在托雷斯海峡监测JEV的试验情况。2002年至2005年期间，在托雷斯海峡的巴杜岛和莫阿岛以及约克角半岛北部的巴马加运行了灭蚊磁场（MM）Pro、MM Liberty Plus以及一种新型的上升气流诱捕器——NAQS蚊虫诱捕器。每周收集的蚊虫样本通过TaqMan实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测JEV核酸。位于巴杜岛的哨兵猪也进行采血，血清通过逆转录酶（RT）-PCR检测JEV抗原，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测抗JEV抗体。每年在蚊虫样本中都检测到了JEV，但并非在每个诱捕器中都能检测到。在哨兵猪中检测到JEV之前，在捕获的蚊虫中未检测到JEV。每个监测点的蚊虫诱捕系统成本约为10,000澳元，比基于猪的监测系统便宜约5,000澳元。然而，蚊虫堵塞电机、电气故障和燃气管道堵塞导致的诱捕器故障降低了一些蚊虫诱捕器的功效。尽管如此，采用独立诱捕器和PCR检测病毒抗原的远程蚊虫诱捕系统，可能是在偏远地区检测虫媒病毒活动的一种安全、经济的方法。
