Hsiao Chao-Pin, Loescher Lois J, Moore Ida M Ki
College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA.
Cancer Nurs. 2007 Nov-Dec;30(6):E19-32. doi: 10.1097/01.NCC.0000300163.13639.bc.
For over a decade, symptom distress has been a key concept in several studies of cancer. However, the definition of symptom distress is still unclear, and there are few measures targeting symptom distress, in general, and specific cancers, in particular. Prostate cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of death in American men. Many men with clinically localized prostate cancer may experience unique and multidimensional symptoms that occur from diagnosis through treatment, and thereafter. These symptoms associated with the disease and its treatments are in the form of physical and psychological sequelae such as urinary and bowel problems and sexual dysfunction. The purposes of this article are to (1) systematically review literature on symptoms and symptom distress in localized prostate cancer and (2) synthesize evidence of symptom distress applications and measurement in this group. A comprehensive, systematic review was conducted to identify original, data-based studies of symptoms and symptom distress in localized prostate cancer. Clarification of symptom distress and more comprehensive information about symptoms and symptom distress will provide nurses with a better foundation for developing self-management interventions aimed at ameliorating symptom distress and, ultimately, enhancing the quality of life of patients with localized prostate cancer.
十多年来，症状困扰一直是多项癌症研究中的关键概念。然而，症状困扰的定义仍不明确，总体而言，针对症状困扰的测量方法很少，尤其是针对特定癌症的测量方法。前列腺癌是全球第六大常见癌症，也是美国男性的第二大死因。许多临床局限性前列腺癌患者在从诊断到治疗及后续过程中可能会经历独特的、多维度的症状。这些与疾病及其治疗相关的症状表现为身体和心理后遗症，如泌尿和肠道问题以及性功能障碍。本文的目的是：（1）系统回顾关于局限性前列腺癌症状和症状困扰的文献；（2）综合该群体中症状困扰应用和测量的证据。我们进行了全面、系统的回顾，以确定关于局限性前列腺癌症状和症状困扰的原始的、基于数据的研究。明确症状困扰以及获取关于症状和症状困扰更全面的信息，将为护士提供更好的基础，以制定旨在减轻症状困扰并最终提高局限性前列腺癌患者生活质量的自我管理干预措施。
