Dore Maria Pina, Maragkoudakis Emmanouil, Fraley Ken, Pedroni Antonietta, Tadeu Vincenza, Realdi Giuseppe, Graham David Y, Delitala Giuseppe, Malaty Hoda M
Istituto di Clinica Medica, Universita' di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Aug;53(8):2027-32. doi: 10.1007/s10620-007-0108-7. Epub 2007 Nov 22.
Studies indicate that gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with obesity, smoking, esophagitis, diet, and lifestyle.
To identify risk factors associated with GERD among patients presenting to a tertiary GI clinic in Italy.
Patients with a first diagnosis of GERD based on heartburn and/or regurgitation and/or esophagitis at the endoscopic examination were enrolled. A control group with neither GERD symptoms nor esophagitis was enrolled from the same hospital. Each subject completed a questionnaire including demographic information, lifestyle (e.g., exercise, alcohol, coffee, chocolate, and soda consumption, smoking, having large meals), and frequency of bowel movement. For each participant the body mass index (BMI) was calculated.
Five hundred subjects were enrolled including 300 GERD patients and 200 controls. Females had significantly higher prevalence of GERD than males (66 vs. 48%, P = 0.001, OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.5-3.1). There was an inverse relationship between the level of education and presence of GERD (76% of GERD patients has completed only elementary school (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.7-4.9). Obesity (BMI of > or =95th percentile for their age/gender specific) was significantly related to GERD (OR = 1.8, P = 0.01). None of the other variables studied showed significant associations with GERD. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI > or =95th percentile, gender, and low education level were significant risk factors for GERD.
Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for GERD in a region is the first step in designing prevention and treatment strategies.
研究表明，胃食管反流病（GERD）与肥胖、吸烟、食管炎、饮食及生活方式有关。
确定意大利一家三级胃肠病诊所就诊患者中与GERD相关的危险因素。
纳入在内镜检查中首次诊断为基于烧心和/或反流和/或食管炎的GERD患者。从同一家医院纳入既无GERD症状也无食管炎的对照组。每位受试者完成一份问卷，包括人口统计学信息、生活方式（如运动、饮酒、喝咖啡、吃巧克力和喝汽水、吸烟、吃大餐）以及排便频率。为每位参与者计算体重指数（BMI）。
共纳入500名受试者，包括300名GERD患者和200名对照。女性GERD患病率显著高于男性（66%对48%，P = 0.001，OR = 2.1，95%CI = 1.5 - 3.1）。教育程度与GERD的存在呈负相关（76%的GERD患者仅完成小学教育（OR = 2.1，95%CI = 1.7 - 4.9）。肥胖（BMI高于其年龄/性别特定的第95百分位数）与GERD显著相关（OR = 1.8，P = 0.01）。所研究的其他变量均未显示与GERD有显著关联。逻辑回归分析表明，BMI高于或等于第95百分位数、性别和低教育水平是GERD的显著危险因素。
了解一个地区GERD流行情况和危险因素是设计预防和治疗策略的第一步。
