Kisin Elena R, Murray Ashley R, Keane Michael J, Shi Xiao-Chun, Schwegler-Berry Diane, Gorelik Olga, Arepalli Sivaram, Castranova Vincent, Wallace William E, Kagan Valerian E, Shvedova Anna A
Pathology/Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Dec;70(24):2071-9. doi: 10.1080/15287390701601251.
With the development of nanotechnology, there is a tremendous growth of the application of nanomaterials, which increases the risk of human exposure to these nanomaterials through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal penetration. Among different types of nanoparticles, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with extremely small size (1 nm in diameter) exhibit extraordinary properties and offer possibilities to create materials with astounding features. Since the release of nanoparticles in an enclosed environment is of great concern, a study of possible genotoxic effects is important. Our previous data showed that pharyngeal aspiration of SWCNT elicited pulmonary effects in C57BL/6 mice that was promoted by a robust, acute inflammatory reaction with early onset resulting in progressive interstitial fibrogenic response and the formation of granulomas. In the present study, the genotoxic potential of SWCNT was evaluated in vitro. The genotoxic effects of nanoparticles were examined using three different test systems: the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test in a lung fibroblast (V79) cell line, and the Salmonella gene mutation assay in strains YG1024/YG1029. Cytotoxicity tests showed loss of viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after exposure of cells to SWCNT. Results from the comet assay demonstrated the induction of DNA damage after only 3 h of incubation with 96 microg/cm2 of SWCNT. The MN test indicated some but not significant micronucleus induction by SWCNT in the V79 cell line at the highest concentrations tested. With two different strains of Salmonella typhimurium, no mutations were found following SWCNT exposure.
随着纳米技术的发展，纳米材料的应用有了巨大增长，这增加了人类通过吸入、摄入和皮肤渗透接触这些纳米材料的风险。在不同类型的纳米颗粒中，尺寸极小（直径1纳米）的单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）展现出非凡的特性，并为创造具有惊人特性的材料提供了可能。由于纳米颗粒在封闭环境中的释放备受关注，对其可能的遗传毒性作用进行研究很重要。我们之前的数据表明，给C57BL/6小鼠经咽吸入SWCNT会引发肺部效应，这种效应由强烈的急性炎症反应促进，炎症反应早期发作，导致进行性间质纤维化反应和肉芽肿形成。在本研究中，我们在体外评估了SWCNT的遗传毒性潜力。使用三种不同的测试系统检测了纳米颗粒的遗传毒性作用：在肺成纤维细胞（V79）系中进行彗星试验和微核（MN）试验，以及在YG1024/YG1029菌株中进行沙门氏菌基因突变试验。细胞毒性试验表明，细胞暴露于SWCNT后，活力以浓度和时间依赖性方式丧失。彗星试验结果显示，在与96微克/平方厘米的SWCNT孵育仅3小时后就诱导了DNA损伤。微核试验表明，在测试的最高浓度下，SWCNT在V79细胞系中诱导了一些微核，但不显著。在两种不同的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株中，SWCNT暴露后未发现突变。
