Porta Miquel, Puigdomènech Elisa, Ballester Ferran, Selva Javier, Ribas-Fitó Núria, Llop Sabrina, López Tomàs
Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Int. 2008 May;34(4):546-61. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.10.004. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
Assessing the adverse effects on human health of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the impact of policies aiming to reduce human exposure to POPs warrants monitoring body concentrations of POPs in representative samples of subjects. While numerous ad hoc studies are being conducted to understand POPs effects, only a few countries are conducting nationwide surveillance programs of human concentrations of POPs, and even less countries do so in representative samples of the general population. We tried to identify all studies worldwide that analyzed the distribution of concentrations of POPs in a representative sample of the general population, and we synthesized the studies' main characteristics, as design, population, and chemicals analyzed. The most comprehensive studies are the National Reports on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (USA), the German Environmental Survey, and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Population-wide studies exist as well in New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Flanders (Belgium) and the Canary Islands (Spain). Most such studies are linked with health surveys, which is a highly-relevant additional strength. Only the German and Flemish studies analyzed POPs by educational level, while studies in the USA offer results by ethnic group. The full distribution of POPs concentrations is unknown in many countries. Knowledge gaps include also the interplay of age, gender, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of exposures observed by cross-sectional surveys. Local and global efforts to minimize POPs contamination, like the Stockholm convention, warrant nationwide monitoring of concentrations of POPs in representative samples of the general population. Results of this review show how such studies may be developed and used.
评估持久性有机污染物（POPs）对人类健康的不利影响以及旨在减少人类接触POPs的政策的影响，需要监测受试者代表性样本中POPs的体内浓度。虽然正在进行大量的专项研究以了解POPs的影响，但只有少数国家在开展全国范围内的人体POPs浓度监测项目，而针对普通人群代表性样本开展此类监测的国家更少。我们试图找出全球范围内所有分析普通人群代表性样本中POPs浓度分布的研究，并综合这些研究的主要特征，如设计、人群和所分析的化学物质。最全面的研究有《美国国家人类接触环境化学品报告》、德国环境调查以及北极监测与评估计划。新西兰、澳大利亚、日本、佛兰德（比利时）和加那利群岛（西班牙）也开展了全人群研究。大多数此类研究都与健康调查相关联，这是一个极具相关性的额外优势。只有德国和佛兰德的研究按教育水平分析了POPs，而美国的研究则按种族群体提供结果。许多国家尚不清楚POPs浓度的完整分布情况。知识空白还包括年龄、性别、时期和队列效应在横断面调查所观察到的暴露流行率方面的相互作用。像《斯德哥尔摩公约》这样旨在尽量减少POPs污染的地方和全球努力，需要在全国范围内对普通人群代表性样本中的POPs浓度进行监测。本综述的结果表明了此类研究可以如何开展和应用。
