Forestell Catherine A, Mennella Julie A
Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308, USA.
Pediatrics. 2007 Dec;120(6):1247-54. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0858.
Our goal was to evaluate the effects of breastfeeding and dietary experiences on acceptance of a fruit and a green vegetable by 4- to 8-month-old infants.
Forty-five infants, 44% of whom were breastfed, were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatment groups. One group was fed green beans, and the other was fed green beans and then peaches at the same time of day for 8 consecutive days. Acceptance of both foods, as determined by a variety of measures, was assessed before and after the home-exposure period.
During the initial exposure, infants ate more calories from peaches than from green beans. Breastfed infants showed greater liking of peaches, as did their mothers, who ate more fruits in general than did mothers who formula fed. Although formula-feeding mothers ate more green beans, there was no difference in their infants' acceptance of this vegetable. For breastfed and formula-fed infants, repeated dietary exposure to green beans, with or without peaches, resulted in greater consumption of green beans (56.8 vs 93.6 g). Only infants who experienced green beans with peaches displayed fewer facial expressions of distaste during feeding. Mothers were apparently unaware of these changes in acceptance.
Breastfeeding confers an advantage in initial acceptance of a food, but only if mothers eat the food regularly. Once weaned, infants who receive repeated dietary exposure to a food eat more of it and may learn to like its flavor. However, because infants innately display facial expressions of distaste in response to certain flavors, caregivers may hesitate to continue offering these foods. Mothers should be encouraged to provide their infants with repeated opportunities to taste fruits and vegetables and should focus not only on their infants' facial expressions but also on their willingness to continue feeding.
我们的目标是评估母乳喂养和饮食经历对4至8个月大婴儿接受水果和绿色蔬菜的影响。
45名婴儿（其中44%为母乳喂养）被随机分配到2个治疗组中的1组。一组喂食绿豆，另一组在一天中的同一时间连续8天同时喂食绿豆和桃子。在家庭接触期前后，通过多种测量方法评估对两种食物的接受程度。
在初次接触期间，婴儿从桃子中摄入的热量比从绿豆中摄入的多。母乳喂养的婴儿对桃子表现出更大的喜爱，他们的母亲也是如此，总体而言，母乳喂养婴儿的母亲比配方奶喂养婴儿的母亲吃更多的水果。虽然配方奶喂养婴儿的母亲吃更多的绿豆，但她们的婴儿对这种蔬菜的接受程度没有差异。对于母乳喂养和配方奶喂养的婴儿，反复接触绿豆（无论有无桃子）都会导致绿豆摄入量增加（56.8克对93.6克）。只有同时接触绿豆和桃子的婴儿在喂食期间表现出较少的厌恶面部表情。母亲显然没有意识到这些接受程度的变化。
母乳喂养在最初接受食物方面具有优势，但前提是母亲经常食用该食物。一旦断奶，反复接触某种食物的婴儿会吃得更多，并可能学会喜欢其味道。然而，由于婴儿天生会对某些味道表现出厌恶的面部表情，照顾者可能会犹豫是否继续提供这些食物。应该鼓励母亲为婴儿提供反复品尝水果和蔬菜的机会，并且不仅要关注婴儿的面部表情，还要关注他们继续进食的意愿。
