Netzer Nikolaus C, Chytra Roland, Küpper Thomas
Hermann Buhl Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Kurmittelhaus der Moderne, Salzburgerstrasse 7, 83435 Bad Reichenhall, Germany.
Sleep Breath. 2008 May;12(2):129-34. doi: 10.1007/s11325-007-0149-3.
Training in mild to moderate hypoxia (14-17% O(2) in breathing air) and extended resting in moderate hypoxia (9-13% O(2)) have been shown to have effects in animals and humans on lipid and glucose metabolism, appetite loss, and, in part, on body weight. The causality for these effects is not yet known in detail, and the available data in humans from high-altitude and low-pressure chamber studies are scarce. New technical developments by German companies in the production of artificial climates with normobaric hypoxic conditions in larger rooms at reasonable energy costs allow now to perform hypoxia weight loss studies in obese humans with stable experimental conditions and protocols with a sham hypoxia control. Thirty-two obese people were recruited for a mild intense training study in normobaric hypoxia (15 vol.% O(2)) and normoxia/sham hypoxia (20.1 vol.% O(2)). Twenty of these [mean age 47.6 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 33.1, 16 m, 4 f) were willing to follow up on an 8-week, three times per week, 90-min low intense physical exercise in their individual fat burning mode, which has been determined by an exercise testing with spiro-ergometry upfront. The subjects were evenly randomized into a hypoxia and sham hypoxia group. The difference of the two groups in weight loss and changes in HBa1C values were analyzed before and after the training period. No nutritional diet was applied. Subjects in the hypoxia group in mean lost significantly more weight than in the sham hypoxia group (Delta1.14 kg vs Delta0.03 kg; p = 0.026). This resulted in a tendency to reduce the BMI more in the hypoxia group (p = 0.326). In the mean, there was no HbA1C exceeding normal values (mean 5.67 and 5.47%), and the HbA1C stayed basically unchanged after the 8-week training. Mild physical exercise three times per week for 90 min in normobaric hypoxia for 8 weeks led to significantly greater weight loss in obese persons than the exercise in sham hypoxia in this, to our knowledge, first sham hypoxia controlled study.
在轻度至中度低氧（呼吸空气中氧气含量为14 - 17%）环境下进行训练以及在中度低氧（氧气含量为9 - 13%）环境中延长休息时间，已被证明对动物和人类的脂质与葡萄糖代谢、食欲减退以及部分体重方面有影响。这些影响的因果关系尚未完全明确，而且来自高海拔和低压舱研究的人体可用数据也很稀少。德国公司在以合理能源成本在较大空间制造常压低氧条件人工气候方面的新技术发展，现在使得在肥胖人群中进行低氧减肥研究成为可能，且实验条件稳定，有假低氧对照方案。三十二名肥胖者被招募参加一项在常压低氧（氧气含量15体积%）和常氧/假低氧（氧气含量20.1体积%）环境下的轻度强化训练研究。其中二十名（平均年龄47.6岁，平均体重指数（BMI）33.1，16名男性，4名女性）愿意在其个体脂肪燃烧模式下进行为期8周、每周三次、每次90分钟的低强度体育锻炼，这种模式已通过前期的运动心肺功能测试确定。受试者被均匀随机分为低氧组和假低氧组。在训练期前后分析两组在体重减轻和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）值变化方面的差异。未采用营养饮食。低氧组受试者平均体重减轻明显多于假低氧组（分别为1.14千克和0.03千克；p = 0.026）。这使得低氧组在降低BMI方面有更明显的趋势（p = 0.326）。平均而言，糖化血红蛋白没有超过正常值（分别为5.67%和5.47%），且在8周训练后糖化血红蛋白基本保持不变。据我们所知，在这项首次设有假低氧对照的研究中，肥胖者在常压低氧环境下每周三次、每次90分钟的轻度体育锻炼8周，比在假低氧环境下锻炼导致的体重减轻明显更多。
