Matsunaga Ichiro, Miyake Yoshihiro, Yoshida Toshiaki, Miyamoto Shoichi, Ohya Yukihiro, Sasaki Satoshi, Tanaka Keiko, Oda Hajime, Ishiko Osamu, Hirota Yoshio
Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan.
Ann Epidemiol. 2008 Jan;18(1):78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.095.
The effects of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on allergic disorders are not clearly understood. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between FA exposure and the prevalence of allergic disorders in Japan.
Subjects were 998 pregnant women. Participants were considered to have asthma, atopic eczema, or allergic rhinitis (including cedar pollinosis) if they had received any medical treatment for any of these allergic disorders during the previous 12 months. Passive air sampling tubes were worn for 24 hours and analyzed for FA.
When FA levels were categorized into four groups, there was a tendency for a positive exposure-response relationship between FA levels and the prevalence of atopic eczema, although the adjusted odds ratio for highest vs. lowest FA categories did not reach statistical significance. When FA levels were categorized into two groups to assess the effects of exposure to high levels of FA on allergic disorders, FA levels of 47 ppb or more were independently associated with an increased prevalence of atopic eczema (adjusted odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.01). The positive association was more pronounced in women with a negative familial allergic history than in those with a positive familial allergic history. No clear association was found between FA levels and the prevalence of asthma or allergic rhinitis.
FA exposure may be associated with an increased prevalence of atopic eczema in Japanese pregnant women.
甲醛（FA）暴露对过敏性疾病的影响尚不清楚。本横断面研究调查了日本FA暴露与过敏性疾病患病率之间的关系。
研究对象为998名孕妇。如果参与者在过去12个月内曾因任何一种过敏性疾病接受过治疗，则被认为患有哮喘、特应性皮炎或过敏性鼻炎（包括雪松花粉症）。佩戴被动式空气采样管24小时，并对其中的FA进行分析。
当将FA水平分为四组时，FA水平与特应性皮炎患病率之间存在正暴露-反应关系的趋势，尽管最高FA类别与最低FA类别相比的调整优势比未达到统计学显著性。当将FA水平分为两组以评估高水平FA暴露对过敏性疾病的影响时，FA水平达到47 ppb或更高与特应性皮炎患病率增加独立相关（调整优势比 = 2.25；95%置信区间，1.01 - 5.01）。这种正相关在家族过敏史阴性的女性中比在家族过敏史阳性的女性中更明显。未发现FA水平与哮喘或过敏性鼻炎患病率之间存在明确关联。
FA暴露可能与日本孕妇特应性皮炎患病率增加有关。
