Siders W A, Bolonchuk W W, Lukaski H C
USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1991 Dec;31(4):571-6.
Fifty-three collegiate athletes (18 female and 35 male) were recruited from university varsity basketball, football, swim, and wrestling team rosters. Body composition was estimated before the beginning and before the end of sport seasons by using hydrodensitometry to determine the effect of participation in competitive sport seasons on the body composition of collegiate athletes. ANOVAs applied to the estimates of body composition indicated that the interaction of sport team by season was significant for body weight, F (5,47) = 3.2, p less than 0.05; fat weight, F (5,47) = 5.1, p less than 0.01; and fat-free weight, F (5,47) = 2.4, p less than 0.05. Only football players did not change in body composition. Wrestlers lost the greatest amount of body weight (3.4 kg). Female and male basketball players, female and male swimmers, and wrestlers lost significant amounts of body fat (2.6, 2.3, 1.8, 2.7, and 3.6 kg, respectively). Female and male basketball players and female and male swimmers gained significant amounts of fat-free weight (2.0, 1.6, 2.4, and 1.8 kg, respectively). It was concluded that participation in a collegiate sport season could affect changes in fat weight and fat-free weight components of body composition but that the nature of the changes are a function of the demands of the sport of participation.
从大学篮球、足球、游泳和摔跤校队名单中招募了53名大学生运动员（18名女性和35名男性）。在运动赛季开始前和结束前，通过水下密度测定法估计身体成分，以确定参加竞技运动赛季对大学生运动员身体成分的影响。对身体成分估计值进行的方差分析表明，运动队与赛季的交互作用对体重有显著影响，F(5,47)=3.2，p<0.05；脂肪重量，F(5,47)=5.1，p<0.01；去脂体重，F(5,47)=2.4，p<0.05。只有足球运动员的身体成分没有变化。摔跤运动员体重减轻最多（3.4千克）。男女篮球运动员、男女游泳运动员和摔跤运动员的体脂均显著减少（分别为2.6、2.3、1.8、2.7和3.6千克）。男女篮球运动员和男女游泳运动员的去脂体重均显著增加（分别为2.0、1.6、2.4和1.8千克）。研究得出结论，参加大学运动赛季会影响身体成分中脂肪重量和去脂体重成分的变化，但变化的性质取决于所参加运动的需求。
