Walters Dale R, Havis Neil D, Oxley Simon J P
Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 Feb;279(1):1-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00986.x. Epub 2007 Dec 7.
Ramularia collo-cygni is now recognized as an important pathogen of barley in Northern Europe and New Zealand. It induces necrotic spotting and premature leaf senescence, leading to loss of green leaf area in crops, and can result in substantial yield losses. The fungus produces a number of anthraquinone toxins called rubellins, which act as host nonspecific toxins with photodynamic activity. These toxins induce lipid peroxidation and are possibly the cause of the chlorosis and necrosis observed in leaves infected with R. collo-cygni. The fact that the fungus can remain latent in barley plants until flowering, coupled with its very slow growth in vitro, makes it difficult to detect in crops. As a result, the epidemiology of this pathogen remains poorly understood. However, the recent development of rapid and reliable PCR methods for specific detection of R. collo-cygni offers the prospect of increased understanding of its epidemiology and improved disease control.
柱隔孢叶斑病菌目前被认为是北欧和新西兰大麦的一种重要病原菌。它会引发坏死斑点和叶片过早衰老，导致作物绿叶面积减少，并可能造成大幅减产。该真菌产生多种名为玉红菌素的蒽醌毒素，这些毒素作为具有光动力活性的非寄主特异性毒素发挥作用。这些毒素会诱导脂质过氧化，可能是感染柱隔孢叶斑病菌的叶片出现褪绿和坏死的原因。这种真菌能够在大麦植株中保持潜伏状态直至开花，再加上其在体外生长非常缓慢，使得在作物中难以检测到它。因此，人们对这种病原菌的流行病学仍知之甚少。然而，最近针对柱隔孢叶斑病菌特异性检测开发出的快速可靠的PCR方法，为更深入了解其流行病学和改善病害控制提供了前景。
