Chapman Andrew, Vicenzino Bill, Blanch Peter, Hodges Paul
Division of Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2009 Jan;12(1):31-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2007.08.012. Epub 2008 Feb 20.
It has been shown that novice and elite cyclists use different patterns of leg muscle recruitment when cycling. These differences may reflect less skilled muscle recruitment by novice cyclists or different, but not necessarily less skilled, movement patterns. We compared kinematics of the pelvis and lower limbs and leg muscle activity during cycling between novice and elite cyclists, to determine if differences in leg muscle activity are associated with differences in movement patterns. Three-dimensional pelvic and lower limb kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity of leg muscles were measured during cycling at 55-60, 75-80, 90-95rpm and preferred cadence. Differences were found between novice and elite cyclists in the recruitment of leg muscles, which were consistent with previous findings. Joint-angle and velocity were not different between groups. Absolute range of sagittal plane motion of the ankle was less in novice cyclists than in elite cyclists. Cadence did not influence kinematics. Coordination of sagittal plane motion of the hip and ankle, and knee and ankle, was stronger in elite cyclists. Furthermore, coordination of these movements was more consistent between pedal strokes in elite cyclists. Individual variance of kinematics was not different between groups. We conclude that differences in leg muscle recruitment between novice and elite cyclists may be explained in part by small kinematic variations at the ankle, i.e. less absolute range of motion, but contend that differences in muscle recruitment are primarily a reflection of more skilled muscle recruitment by elite cyclists.
研究表明，新手和精英自行车运动员在骑车时使用不同的腿部肌肉募集模式。这些差异可能反映出新手自行车运动员肌肉募集技能较低，或者是不同的（但不一定技能较低）运动模式。我们比较了新手和精英自行车运动员在骑车过程中骨盆和下肢的运动学以及腿部肌肉活动，以确定腿部肌肉活动的差异是否与运动模式的差异相关。在55 - 60、75 - 80、90 - 95转/分钟以及偏好的踏频下骑车时，测量了三维骨盆和下肢运动学以及腿部肌肉的肌电图（EMG）活动。新手和精英自行车运动员在腿部肌肉募集方面存在差异，这与先前的研究结果一致。两组之间的关节角度和速度没有差异。新手自行车运动员踝关节矢状面运动的绝对范围小于精英自行车运动员。踏频对运动学没有影响。精英自行车运动员髋关节和踝关节以及膝关节和踝关节矢状面运动的协调性更强。此外，精英自行车运动员在踏板冲程之间这些运动的协调性更一致。两组之间运动学的个体差异没有不同。我们得出结论，新手和精英自行车运动员之间腿部肌肉募集的差异可能部分由踝关节处的微小运动学变化来解释，即运动的绝对范围较小，但认为肌肉募集的差异主要反映了精英自行车运动员更熟练的肌肉募集情况。
