Kelly Bronwen N, Huckabee Maggie-Lee, Jones Richard D, Carroll Grant J
Van der Veer Institute for Parkinson's and Brain Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Behav Neurosci. 2007 Dec;121(6):1174-9. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1174.
This research was designed to clarify the role of cortical modulation in the coordination of respiration and swallowing. Time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics were used to evaluate nonnutritive breathing-swallowing coordination (BSC) and swallowing apnea duration (SAD) of 20 healthy adults during 3 conditions. These conditions represented a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation: voluntarily initiated swallows during wakefulness, nonvolitional awake swallows, and reflexively initiated swallows during sleep. Differing proportions of swallows at the cusps between inspiration and expiration were found between the volitional and nonvolitional conditions, irrespective of the level of arousal. SAD was unaltered by condition. In conclusion, BSC is influenced by degree of volition but not by level of arousal. This implies that cortical influence on BSC is limited to conditions in which swallowing is voluntarily initiated and indirectly implicates the recruitment of the supplementary motor or insular cortices. SAD remained stable across conditions and may therefore be considered relatively impervious to suprabulbar influence.
本研究旨在阐明皮质调制在呼吸与吞咽协调中的作用。采用颏下表面肌电图、鼻气流和甲状腺声学的锁时记录，来评估20名健康成年人在3种情况下的非营养性呼吸-吞咽协调性（BSC）和吞咽呼吸暂停持续时间（SAD）。这些情况基于皮质激活水平的降低，代表了从自主到非自主吞咽控制的连续过程：清醒时自主启动吞咽、非自主清醒吞咽以及睡眠时反射性启动吞咽。无论觉醒水平如何，在自主和非自主情况下，吸气与呼气交界处的吞咽比例不同。SAD不受情况影响。总之，BSC受自主程度影响，但不受觉醒水平影响。这意味着皮质对BSC的影响仅限于自主启动吞咽的情况，并间接表明补充运动皮层或岛叶皮层的参与。SAD在不同情况下保持稳定，因此可能被认为相对不受延髓上结构影响。
