Daanen H A, Ducharme M B
Thermal Physiology Research Group, TNO Institute for Perception, Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
Arctic Med Res. 1991;50 Suppl 6:115-21.
Five subjects immersed their hands and feet twice during 1 hour sessions in a calorimeter bath, filled with water at 25 degrees C. Before immersion the hand (33.0 +/- 2.2 degrees C) was warmer than the foot (30.6 +/- 2.1 degrees C) and so was the blood flow: respectively 5.8 +/- 5.2 versus 0.7 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.100 mo tissue-1 as determined by strain gauge plethysmography and 10.8 +/- 5.1 versus 6.7 +/- 5.3 by the doppler method. At the end of the immersion period the blood flow had decreased a factor of 2.9 (doppler) and 4.3 (plethysmography). The local heat transfer, determined by heat flux transducers, was highest immediately after immersion. The maximum was higher at the ventral sides than at the dorsal sides of the hand (225 +/- 93 versus 186 +/- 61 W.m-2 and the foot (178 +/- 53 versus 160 +/- 57 W.m-2). The total heat transferred to the water by hand or foot during the 60 minutes of immersion, determined by calorimetry, was 47 +/- 21 and 36 +/- 36 kJ respectively and was not statistically different due to considerable interindividual differences. Interindividual differences were also found for heat flux, rectal and local skin temperature and blood flow. These differences will have to be taken into account if a comparison is made with data from subjects with local cold injuries.
五名受试者在1小时的时间段内，将手脚两次浸入装满25摄氏度水的热量计浴槽中。浸入前，手部（33.0±2.2摄氏度）比足部（30.6±2.1摄氏度）温暖，血流情况也是如此：通过应变片体积描记法测定，手部血流分别为5.8±5.2与足部的0.7±0.3毫升·分钟⁻¹·100克组织⁻¹，通过多普勒法测定则分别为10.8±5.1与6.7±5.3。在浸入期结束时，血流减少了2.9倍（多普勒法）和4.3倍（体积描记法）。由热通量传感器测定的局部热传递在浸入后立即最高。手部腹侧的最大值高于背侧（225±93与186±61瓦·米⁻²），足部也是如此（178±53与160±57瓦·米⁻²）。通过量热法测定，在60分钟的浸入过程中，手部和足部传递到水中的总热量分别为47±21和36±36千焦，由于个体间差异较大，两者在统计学上无差异。在热通量、直肠和局部皮肤温度以及血流方面也发现了个体间差异。如果与局部冷损伤受试者的数据进行比较，必须考虑这些差异。
