Wade C E, Dacanay S, Smith R M
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1979 Jun;50(6):590-3.
Five male subjects having a wide range of relative body fat, 9.2-20.2%, were studied during total body immersion in water at 25.2 degrees C. The regional surface area of each subject was calculated from anthropometric data utilizing a segmental geometric model. Skin temperatures (Tsk) and regional skin heat loss were measured prior to and during 30 min immersion at 13 sites. During immersion, mean Tsk was 25.9 degrees C and remained significantly higher than the water temperature. A measurable temperature gradient for heat flow was observed from all body segments. Segimental temperature in water ranged from 26.7-25.4 degrees C, being warmest at the neck and coolest at the foot. Heat the flow per regional area was highest in the neck, 187 W/m2, and least at the foot, 12 W/m2. Heat flow from each body region was dependent on regional Tsk. Skinfold thickness was a minor factor in altering regional heat flow in the foot, hand, lower arm, upper arm, thigh, and calf; in the torso, neck, and head regions it was of major importance in detering heat loss.
对五名相对体脂率范围较广（9.2 - 20.2%）的男性受试者进行了研究，研究期间他们全身浸泡在25.2摄氏度的水中。利用分段几何模型根据人体测量数据计算出每名受试者的局部表面积。在13个部位浸入水中之前及浸入30分钟期间测量皮肤温度（Tsk）和局部皮肤热损失。浸入期间，平均Tsk为25.9摄氏度，且显著高于水温。观察到所有身体部位均存在可测量的热流温度梯度。水中各部位温度范围为26.7 - 25.4摄氏度，颈部最暖和，足部最凉爽。每个局部区域的热流在颈部最高，为187瓦/平方米，在足部最低，为12瓦/平方米。每个身体区域的热流取决于局部Tsk。皮褶厚度对足部、手部、下臂、上臂、大腿和小腿部位的局部热流改变影响较小；在躯干、颈部和头部区域，它对阻止热损失至关重要。
