Norris Fran H, Stevens Susan P, Pfefferbaum Betty, Wyche Karen F, Pfefferbaum Rose L
Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2008 Mar;41(1-2):127-50. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6.
Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities--Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence--that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns.
社区有潜力在灾难后有效发挥作用并成功适应。借鉴多个学科的文献，我们提出了一种复原力理论，该理论涵盖了对压力、适应、健康和资源动态的当代理解。社区复原力是一个将适应性能力网络（具有动态属性的资源）与干扰或逆境后的适应联系起来的过程。社区适应体现在人口健康方面，人口健康被定义为精神和行为健康、功能以及生活质量处于高水平且无差异。社区复原力源自四组主要的适应性能力——经济发展、社会资本、信息与通信以及社区能力——它们共同提供了一种备灾策略。为了建立集体复原力，社区必须减少风险和资源不平等，让当地居民参与减灾，建立组织联系，增强和保护社会支持，并制定无既定计划的预案，这需要灵活性、决策技能以及在面对未知情况时能发挥作用的可靠信息来源。
