Gennaro Susan, Naidoo Sudeshi, Berthold Peter
Florence and William Downs College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2008 Jan-Feb;33(1):50-7. doi: 10.1097/01.NMC.0000305658.32237.7d.
Oral lesions are common in women and children with HIV/AIDS and may decrease the overall quality of life in these patients because of pain, dry mouth, and difficulty in eating. An oral cavity screening is an easy, noninvasive, quick, and inexpensive procedure that provides nurses with invaluable information about the need for referral, treatment, and health education. Nurses can use the information obtained from a careful oral screening to decrease the symptoms experienced with oral lesions and optimize a patient's ability to chew and enjoy food. Common oral manifestations of HIV infection include fungal, viral, and bacterial infections, although neoplasms, periodontal disease, salivary gland disease, and lesions of uncertain origin are also seen. Oral lesions such as candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, herpetic ulcers, and Kaposi's sarcoma are often among the first symptoms of HIV infection.
口腔病变在感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的妇女和儿童中很常见,由于疼痛、口干和进食困难,可能会降低这些患者的整体生活质量。口腔检查是一种简单、无创、快速且廉价的程序,能为护士提供有关转诊、治疗和健康教育需求的宝贵信息。护士可以利用从仔细的口腔检查中获得的信息来减轻口腔病变所带来的症状,并优化患者咀嚼和享受食物的能力。艾滋病毒感染常见的口腔表现包括真菌、病毒和细菌感染,不过也可见到肿瘤、牙周病、唾液腺疾病以及病因不明的病变。诸如念珠菌病、口腔毛状白斑、疱疹性溃疡和卡波西肉瘤等口腔病变常常是艾滋病毒感染的首批症状之一。