母亲的个性：与育儿行为及母亲对幼儿情感表达的纵向关联
Maternal Personality: Longitudinal Associations to Parenting Behavior and Maternal Emotional Expressions toward Toddlers.
作者信息
Smith Cynthia L, Spinrad Tracy L, Eisenberg Nancy, Gaertner Bridget M, Popp Tierney K, Maxon Elizabeth
机构信息
Cynthia L. Smith, Department of Human. Development (0416), 366 Wallace Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Tracy L. Spinrad, Nancy Eisenberg, Bridget M. Gaertner, Tierney K. Popp, and Elizabeth Maxon are at Arizona State University.
出版信息
Parent Sci Pract. 2007;7(3):305-329. doi: 10.1080/15295190701498710.
OBJECTIVE
Longitudinal associations among maternal personality, emotional expressions, and parenting were examined. DESIGN: Maternal parenting (sensitivity and intrusiveness) and positive emotional expressions were observed during a free-play session with toddlers at 18 (T1, n = 246) and 30 (T3, n = 216) months. Mothers completed a personality measure at T1 and a questionnaire measuring their emotional expressiveness (positive and negative) when toddlers were 24 months old (T2, n = 213). RESULTS: Dimensions of maternal personality and maternal emotional expressiveness were related to individual differences in maternal parenting behaviors, in particular to maternal sensitivity. Conscientiousness and Agreeableness at T1 were positively associated with observed positive emotional expressions at T1. Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, and Extraversion at T1 also were positively related to positive emotional expressions reported by mothers at T2. Maternal positive emotional expressions (T1 and T2), in turn, were associated with more sensitive behavior observed with toddlers at T3. CONCLUSION: In addition to direct effects of maternal personality on maternal parenting, mothers' emotional expressiveness was found to be a possible pathway for explaining relations of maternal personality and parenting.
目的
研究母亲的人格、情感表达与育儿方式之间的纵向关联。设计：在与幼儿的自由玩耍环节中，观察母亲在孩子18个月（T1，n = 246）和30个月（T3，n = 216）时的育儿方式（敏感性和侵扰性）以及积极情感表达。母亲在T1时完成一项人格测量，并在孩子24个月大（T2，n = 213）时填写一份问卷，测量她们的情感表达（积极和消极）。结果：母亲的人格维度和情感表达与母亲育儿行为的个体差异有关，尤其是与母亲的敏感性有关。T1时的尽责性和宜人性与T1时观察到的积极情感表达呈正相关。T1时的宜人性、开放性和外向性也与母亲在T2时报告的积极情感表达呈正相关。反过来，母亲的积极情感表达（T1和T2）与T3时观察到的对幼儿更敏感的行为有关。结论：除了母亲人格对母亲育儿方式的直接影响外，母亲的情感表达被发现是解释母亲人格与育儿方式关系的一条可能途径。
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