Brown Cathleen N, Guskiewicz Kevin M, Bleiberg Joseph
Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
J Athl Train. 2007 Oct-Dec;42(4):515-23.
Computerized neuropsychological testing is used in athletics; however, normative data on an athletic population are lacking.
To investigate factors, such as sex, SAT score, alertness, and sport, and their effects on baseline neuropsychological test scores. A secondary purpose was to begin establishing preliminary reference data for nonsymptomatic collegiate athletes.
Observational study.
Research laboratory.
The study population comprised 327 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes from 12 men's and women's sports.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Athletes were baseline tested before their first competitive season. Athletes completed demographics forms and self-reported history of concussion (1 or no concussion and 2 or more concussions) and SAT scores (<1000, 1000 to 1200, and >1200). The 108 women had a mean age of 18.39 +/- 0.09 years, height of 167.94 +/- 0.86 cm, and mass of 62.36 +/- 1.07 kg. The 219 men had a mean age of 18.49 +/- 0.07 years, height of 183.24 +/- 1.68 cm, and mass of 88.05 +/- 1.82 kg. Sports participation included women's soccer, lacrosse, basketball, and field hockey; men's football, soccer, lacrosse, and wrestling; and women's and men's track and cheerleading. We used the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Ft Detrick, MD) and measured throughput scores (the number of correct responses per minute) as the dependent variable for each subtest, with higher scores reflecting increased speed and accuracy of responses. Subsets included 2 simple reaction time (SRT) tests, math processing (MTH), Sternberg memory search (ST6), matching to sample pairs (MSP), procedural reaction time (PRO), code digit substitution (CDS), and the Stanford sleep scale Likert-type score.
Women scored better than men on the ST6 (P < .05), while men scored significantly better than women on the SRT and MSP tests. The highest-scoring SAT group performed better than other SAT groups on selected subtests (SRT, MTH, ST6, MSP, and CDS) (P < .05), and athletes tested during their season were more likely to score lower on the alertness scale (chi(2) (2)[n = 322] = 11.32, P = .003). The lowest alertness group performed worse on the MSP and CDS subtests (P < .05). No differences were found between the group with a history of 1 or no concussion and the group with a history of 2 or more concussions (P > .05).
Performance on computerized neuropsychological tests may be affected by a number of factors, including sex, SAT scores, alertness at the time of testing, and the athlete's sport. To avoid making clinical misinterpretations, clinicians should acknowledge that individual baselines vary over time and should account for this variation.
计算机化神经心理测试已应用于体育运动领域；然而，针对运动员群体的标准化数据尚不完善。
研究性别、学术能力评估测试（SAT）分数、警觉性和运动项目等因素及其对神经心理测试基线分数的影响。第二个目的是开始为无症状的大学生运动员建立初步参考数据。
观察性研究。
研究实验室。
研究对象包括来自12个男女运动项目的327名美国国家大学生体育协会（NCAA）一级运动员。
运动员在首个竞技赛季前进行基线测试。运动员填写人口统计学表格，并自我报告脑震荡史（1次或无脑震荡以及2次或更多次脑震荡）和SAT分数（低于1000、1000至1200以及高于1200）。108名女性的平均年龄为18.39±0.09岁，身高为167.94±0.86厘米，体重为62.36±1.07千克。219名男性的平均年龄为18.49±0.07岁，身高为183.24±1.68厘米，体重为88.05±1.82千克。运动项目包括女子足球、长曲棍球、篮球和曲棍球；男子橄榄球、足球、长曲棍球和摔跤；以及男女田径和啦啦队。我们使用了自动化神经心理评估指标（美国陆军医学研究与物资司令部，马里兰州迪特里克堡），并将通过率分数（每分钟正确反应的数量）作为每个子测试的因变量，分数越高反映反应速度和准确性越高。子集包括2个简单反应时间（SRT）测试、数学处理（MTH）、斯特恩伯格记忆搜索（ST6）、样本配对匹配（MSP）、程序反应时间（PRO）、代码数字替换（CDS）以及斯坦福睡眠量表李克特型分数。
女性在ST6测试中的得分高于男性（P < 0.05），而男性在SRT和MSP测试中的得分显著高于女性。SAT分数最高的组在选定子测试（SRT、MTH、ST6、MSP和CDS）中的表现优于其他SAT组（P < 0.05），并且在赛季期间接受测试的运动员在警觉性量表上得分较低的可能性更大（χ²(2)[n = 322] = 11.32，P = 0.00）。警觉性最低的组在MSP和CDS子测试中的表现更差（P < 0.05）。在有1次或无脑震荡史的组与有2次或更多次脑震荡史的组之间未发现差异（P > 0.05）。
计算机化神经心理测试的表现可能受到多种因素的影响，包括性别、SAT分数、测试时的警觉性以及运动员的运动项目。为避免临床误解，临床医生应认识到个体基线随时间变化，应考虑到这种变化。
