Alberti K P, Guthmann J P, Fermon F, Nargaye K D, Grais R F
Epicentre, 8 rue Saint Sabin, 75011 Paris, France.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Mar;102(3):251-4. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.10.015.
Inadequate evaluation of vaccine coverage after mass vaccination campaigns, such as used in national measles control programmes, can lead to inappropriate public health responses. Overestimation of vaccination coverage may leave populations at risk, whilst underestimation can lead to unnecessary catch-up campaigns. The problem is more complex in large urban areas where vaccination coverage may be heterogeneous and the programme may have to be fine-tuned at the level of geographic subunits. Lack of accurate population figures in many contexts further complicates accurate vaccination coverage estimates. During the evaluation of a mass vaccination campaign carried out in N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, Lot Quality Assurance Sampling was used to estimate vaccination coverage. Using this method, vaccination coverage could be evaluated within smaller geographic areas of the city as well as for the entire city. Despite the lack of accurate population data by neighbourhood, the results of the survey showed heterogeneity of vaccination coverage within the city. These differences would not have been identified using a more traditional method. The results can be used to target areas of low vaccination coverage during follow-up vaccination activities.
在大规模疫苗接种活动后，如在国家麻疹控制计划中所采用的，对疫苗接种覆盖率评估不足可能导致不适当的公共卫生应对措施。高估疫苗接种覆盖率可能使人群仍处于风险之中，而低估则可能导致不必要的补种活动。在大城市地区，问题更为复杂，因为疫苗接种覆盖率可能存在差异，并且计划可能需要在地理亚单位层面进行微调。在许多情况下，缺乏准确的人口数据进一步使准确的疫苗接种覆盖率估计变得复杂。在对乍得首都恩贾梅纳开展的大规模疫苗接种活动进行评估期间，采用了批质量保证抽样法来估计疫苗接种覆盖率。使用这种方法，可以在城市较小的地理区域以及整个城市范围内评估疫苗接种覆盖率。尽管缺乏按社区划分的准确人口数据，但调查结果显示城市内疫苗接种覆盖率存在差异。使用更传统的方法将无法识别这些差异。这些结果可用于在后续疫苗接种活动中针对疫苗接种覆盖率低的地区。
