Medina-Solis Carlo Eduardo, Maupomé Gerardo, del Socorro Herrera Miriam, Pérez-Núñez Ricardo, Avila-Burgos Leticia, Lamadrid-Figueroa Hector
Area Académica de Odontología del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México.
J Public Health Dent. 2008 Winter;68(1):39-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00056.x.
To determine the factors associated with the dental health services utilization among children ages 6 to 12 in León, Nicaragua.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1,400 schoolchildren. Using a questionnaire, we determined information related to utilization and independent variables in the previous year. Oral health needs were established by means of a dental examination. To identify the independent variables associated with dental health services utilization, two types of multivariate regression models were used, according to the measurement scale of the outcome variable: a) frequency of utilization as (0) none, (1) one, and (2) two or more, analyzed with the ordered logistic regression and b) the type of service utilized as (0) none, (1) preventive services, (2) curative services, and (3) both services, analyzed with the multinomial logistic regression.
The proportion of children who received at least one dental service in the 12 months prior to the study was 27.7 percent. The variables associated with utilization in the two models were older age, female sex, more frequent toothbrushing, positive attitude of the mother toward the child's oral health, higher socioeconomic level, and higher oral health needs.
Various predisposing, enabling, and oral health needs variables were associated with higher dental health services utilization. As in prior reports elsewhere, these results from Nicaragua confirmed that utilization inequalities exist between socioeconomic groups. The multinomial logistic regression model evidenced the association of different variables depending on the type of service used.
确定尼加拉瓜莱昂市6至12岁儿童牙科保健服务利用的相关因素。
对1400名学童进行了一项横断面研究。通过问卷调查，我们确定了与上一年利用情况和自变量相关的信息。通过牙科检查确定口腔健康需求。为了确定与牙科保健服务利用相关的自变量，根据结果变量的测量尺度使用了两种多元回归模型：a）利用频率分为（0）无、（1）一次和（2）两次或更多次，采用有序逻辑回归分析；b）所利用的服务类型分为（0）无、（1）预防服务、（2）治疗服务和（3）两种服务都有，采用多项逻辑回归分析。
在研究前12个月内接受过至少一次牙科服务的儿童比例为27.7%。两个模型中与利用相关的变量包括年龄较大、女性、刷牙更频繁、母亲对孩子口腔健康的积极态度、较高的社会经济水平以及较高的口腔健康需求。
各种易患因素、促成因素和口腔健康需求变量与较高的牙科保健服务利用相关。正如其他地方先前的报告一样，尼加拉瓜的这些结果证实了社会经济群体之间存在利用不平等。多项逻辑回归模型证明了不同变量根据所使用的服务类型而存在关联。
