Liu Jianguo, Dietz Thomas, Carpenter Stephen R, Folke Carl, Alberti Marina, Redman Charles L, Schneider Stephen H, Ostrom Elinor, Pell Alice N, Lubchenco Jane, Taylor William W, Ouyang Zhiyun, Deadman Peter, Kratz Timothy, Provencher William
Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Ambio. 2007 Dec;36(8):639-49. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[639:chans]2.0.co;2.
Humans have continuously interacted with natural systems, resulting in the formation and development of coupled human and natural systems (CHANS). Recent studies reveal the complexity of organizational, spatial, and temporal couplings of CHANS. These couplings have evolved from direct to more indirect interactions, from adjacent to more distant linkages, from local to global scales, and from simple to complex patterns and processes. Untangling complexities, such as reciprocal effects and emergent properties, can lead to novel scientific discoveries and is essential to developing effective policies for ecological and socioeconomic sustainability. Opportunities for truly integrating various disciplines are emerging to address fundamental questions about CHANS and meet society's unprecedented challenges.
人类一直在与自然系统相互作用，从而导致了人类与自然耦合系统（CHANS）的形成与发展。近期研究揭示了CHANS在组织、空间和时间上耦合的复杂性。这些耦合已从直接相互作用演变为更间接的相互作用，从相邻联系演变为更遥远的联系，从地方尺度扩展到全球尺度，从简单模式和过程演变为复杂模式和过程。理清诸如相互作用和涌现特性等复杂性，能够带来新的科学发现，对于制定生态和社会经济可持续发展的有效政策至关重要。真正整合各学科的机会正在涌现，以解决有关CHANS的基本问题，并应对社会前所未有的挑战。
