Besner Derek, Wartak Szymon, Robidoux Serje
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2008 Feb;34(1):242-50. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.34.1.242.
There are numerous reports in the visual word recognition literature that the joint effects of various factors are additive on reaction time. A central claim by D. C. Plaut and J. R. Booth (2000, 2006) is that their parallel distributed processing model simulates additive effects of stimulus quality and word frequency in the context of lexical decision. If correct, this success would have important implications for computational accounts of reading processes. However, the results of further simulations with this model undermine this claim given that the joint effects of stimulus quality and word frequency yield a nonmonotonic function (underadditivity, additivity, and overadditivity) depending on the size of the stimulus quality effect, whereas skilled readers yield additivity more broadly. The implications of these results both locally and more globally are discussed, and a number of other issues are noted. Additivity of factor effects constitutes a benchmark that computational accounts should strive to meet.
在视觉单词识别文献中有大量报告表明，各种因素对反应时间的联合效应是可加性的。D. C. 普劳特和J. R. 布斯（2000年、2006年）的一个核心观点是，他们的并行分布式处理模型在词汇判断的背景下模拟了刺激质量和单词频率的加性效应。如果这是正确的，那么这一成功将对阅读过程的计算解释产生重要影响。然而，用该模型进行的进一步模拟结果削弱了这一观点，因为刺激质量和单词频率的联合效应会根据刺激质量效应的大小产生非单调函数（次加性、加性和超加性），而熟练读者的加性效应更为广泛。本文讨论了这些结果在局部和更全局层面的影响，并指出了一些其他问题。因素效应的加性构成了计算解释应努力达到的一个基准。
