Russell L, Cox D F, Larsen G, Bodwell K, Nelson C E
Feed Specialties Co., Inc., Des Moines, IA 50313.
J Anim Sci. 1991 Jan;69(1):5-12. doi: 10.2527/1991.6915.
A total of 82 feed manufacturers located within seven midwestern states (Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan) participated in a survey of mold and mycotoxin contamination of corn. Samples were submitted from a composite of the grading samples taken from each incoming load of corn. The survey was initiated in July 1988. During the 12-mo period, moisture content of the corn samples upon receipt at the laboratory ranged from 10.5 to 13.3%. The greatest variation occurred in the springtime. Iowa's corn samples were driest (11.2%), and samples submitted from Ohio were wettest (12.8%). Mold counts averaged 2.63 x 10(4) per gram during the year. The predominant mold found was Fusarium sp. Samples were checked by black light and averaged 25.4% positive during the period. When assayed for mycotoxins, 19.5% of the samples were positive for at least one of the following: aflatoxin, zearalenone, T2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). Aflatoxin and T2 toxin made up the majority of these samples containing toxin. The highest incidence of mycotoxin-contaminated corn (48%) occurred in samples submitted in July of 1988. Over the 12-mo period, the highest mycotoxin contamination occurred in Iowa, Illinois and Michigan. When samples were subjected to 90% relative humidity and 32 degrees C, an average of 3.9 d was required for mold growth to appear. After incubation, 24.7% of the samples contained one of the four toxins. The data indicate that mold and mycotoxin contamination of mixed samples of corn is widespread, even in the midwestern corn belt of the U.S.
共有82家位于中西部七个州（爱荷华州、内布拉斯加州、明尼苏达州、伊利诺伊州、印第安纳州、俄亥俄州、密歇根州）的饲料生产商参与了一项关于玉米霉菌和霉菌毒素污染的调查。样本取自每批进厂玉米分级样本的混合样本。该调查于1988年7月开始。在这12个月期间，实验室收到的玉米样本的水分含量在10.5%至13.3%之间。最大的变化出现在春季。爱荷华州的玉米样本最干燥（11.2%），而俄亥俄州提交的样本最潮湿（12.8%）。一年中霉菌计数平均为每克2.63×10⁴个。发现的主要霉菌是镰刀菌属。样本通过黑光检查，在此期间平均25.4%呈阳性。在检测霉菌毒素时，19.5%的样本至少对以下一种呈阳性：黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、T2毒素和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（呕吐毒素）。黄曲霉毒素和T2毒素占这些含毒素样本的大多数。霉菌毒素污染玉米的最高发生率（48%）出现在1988年7月提交的样本中。在这12个月期间，霉菌毒素污染最高的是爱荷华州、伊利诺伊州和密歇根州。当样本置于90%相对湿度和32℃条件下时，霉菌生长平均需要3.9天才能出现。培养后，24.7%的样本含有四种毒素中的一种。数据表明，即使在美国中西部玉米带，玉米混合样本的霉菌和霉菌毒素污染也很普遍。
