Gardner Tracie J, Kosten Thomas R
Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007;9(4):431-45. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2007.9.4/tgardner.
Addiction to substances continues to be a significant public health concern in the United States. The following review of current pharmacological treatments discusses a range of substances: nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, and opioids. The goal is to provide an overview of currently available and new pharmacological treatments for substance use disorders, while also addressing the pharmacotherapeutic challenges remaining. The significant advances in pharmacotherapy have had limited utilization, however. For example, naltrexone for alcoholism is infrequently prescribed, buprenorphine for opiates still has relatively few qualified prescribers, and stimulants have no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy. These pharmacotherapies are needed, with the rate of even the relatively uncommon abuse of opiates now rising sharply.
在美国，物质成瘾仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。以下对当前药物治疗方法的综述讨论了一系列物质：尼古丁、酒精、可卡因和阿片类药物。目的是概述目前可用于物质使用障碍的药物治疗方法以及新的药物治疗方法，同时也探讨仍然存在的药物治疗挑战。然而，药物治疗方面的重大进展的利用率却很有限。例如，用于治疗酒精成瘾的纳曲酮很少被开处方，用于治疗阿片类药物成瘾的丁丙诺啡合格的开处方者仍然相对较少，而且兴奋剂没有获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物治疗方法。尽管现在即使是相对不常见的阿片类药物滥用率也在急剧上升，但这些药物治疗方法是必要的。
