Schorey J S, Lawrence C
Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA.
Curr Drug Targets. 2008 Feb;9(2):123-9. doi: 10.2174/138945008783502430.
The ability of the innate immune system to quickly recognize and respond to an invading pathogen is essential for controlling the infection. For this purpose, cells of the immune system express receptors which recognize evolutionarily conserved structures expressed by various pathogens but absent from host cells. In this review we focus on the non-classical C-type lectin receptors including Dectin-1 whose role has been extensively characterized in the recognition and response to fungal pathogens. Dectin-1 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds beta-1,3 and beta-1,6 glucans. It is expressed on most cells of the innate immune system and has been implicated in phagocytosis as well as killing of fungi by macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. The Dectin-1 cytoplasmic tail contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motif (ITAM) that signals in part through the spleen tyrosine kinase and in collaboration with Toll-like receptors. Although the main research focus has been on Dectin-1's role as a fungal and yeast pathogen recognition receptor, more recent studies suggest that Dectin-1 may have a broader function in pathogen recognition including a role in directing a macrophage response to mycobacterial infections.
先天免疫系统快速识别并应对入侵病原体的能力对于控制感染至关重要。为此，免疫系统细胞表达能识别各种病原体所表达但宿主细胞所没有的进化上保守结构的受体。在本综述中，我们聚焦于非经典C型凝集素受体，包括已在对真菌病原体的识别和反应中其作用得到广泛表征的Dectin-1。Dectin-1是一种II型跨膜蛋白，可结合β-1,3和β-1,6葡聚糖。它在先天免疫系统的大多数细胞上表达，并与巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和树突状细胞的吞噬作用以及真菌杀伤有关。Dectin-1细胞质尾部包含一个基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序（ITAM），该基序部分通过脾酪氨酸激酶发出信号，并与Toll样受体协同作用。尽管主要研究重点一直是Dectin-1作为真菌和酵母病原体识别受体的作用，但最近的研究表明，Dectin-1在病原体识别中可能具有更广泛的功能，包括在指导巨噬细胞对分枝杆菌感染的反应中发挥作用。
