Lieberman Paul M
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
J Cell Physiol. 2008 Aug;216(2):295-302. doi: 10.1002/jcp.21421.
Many viruses introduce DNA into the host-cell nucleus, where they must either embrace or confront chromatin factors as a support or obstacle to completion of their life cycle. Compared to the eukaryotic cell, viruses have compact and rapidly evolving genomes. Despite their smaller size, viruses have complex life cycles that involve dynamic changes in DNA structure. Nuclear entry, transcription, replication, genome stabilization, and virion packaging involve complex changes in chromosome organization and structure. Chromatin dynamics and epigenetic modifications play major roles in viral and host chromosome biology. In some cases, viruses may use novel or viral-specific epigenetic modifying activities, which may reflect variant pathways that distinguish their behavior from the bulk of the cellular chromosome. This review examines several recent discoveries that highlight the role of chromatin dynamics in the life cycle of DNA viruses.
许多病毒将DNA导入宿主细胞核，在那里它们必须应对染色质因子，这些因子可能是其完成生命周期的支持因素，也可能是障碍。与真核细胞相比，病毒基因组紧凑且进化迅速。尽管病毒体积较小，但其具有复杂的生命周期，涉及DNA结构的动态变化。核进入、转录、复制、基因组稳定和病毒体包装都涉及染色体组织和结构的复杂变化。染色质动态变化和表观遗传修饰在病毒和宿主染色体生物学中起主要作用。在某些情况下，病毒可能利用新的或病毒特异性的表观遗传修饰活性，这可能反映了将其行为与大部分细胞染色体区分开来的不同途径。本综述探讨了一些最新发现，这些发现突出了染色质动态变化在DNA病毒生命周期中的作用。
