Bassok Miriam, Pedigo Samuel F, Oskarsson An T
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2008 Mar;34(2):343-52. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.2.343.
Results from 2 relational-priming experiments suggest the existence of an automatic analogical coordination between semantic and arithmetic relations. Word pairs denoting object sets served as primes in a task that elicits "obligatory" activation of addition facts (5 + 3 activates 8; J. LeFevre, J. Bisanz, & L. Mrkonjic, 1988). Semantic relations between the priming words were either aligned or misaligned with the structure of addition (M. Bassok, V. M. Chase, & S. A. Martin, 1998). Obligatory activation of addition facts occurred when the digits were primed by categorically related words (tulips-daisies), which are aligned with addition, but did not occur when the digits were primed by unrelated words (hens-radios, Experiment 1) or by functionally related words (records-songs, Experiment 2), which are misaligned with addition. These findings lend support to the viability of automatic analogical priming (B. A. Spellman, K. J. Holyoak, & R. G. Morrison, 2001) and highlight the relevance of arithmetic applications to theoretical accounts of mental arithmetic.
两项关系启动实验的结果表明，语义关系和算术关系之间存在自动类比协调。表示对象集的词对在一项任务中充当启动刺激，该任务会引发加法事实的“强制性”激活（5 + 3会激活8；J. 勒费弗尔、J. 比桑兹和L. 姆尔科尼奇，1988）。启动词之间的语义关系与加法结构要么对齐，要么不对齐（M. 巴索克、V. M. 蔡斯和S. A. 马丁，1998）。当数字由类别相关的词（郁金香 - 雏菊）启动时，加法事实的强制性激活会发生，这些词与加法对齐，但当数字由不相关的词（母鸡 - 收音机，实验1）或功能相关的词（唱片 - 歌曲，实验2）启动时，加法事实的强制性激活不会发生，这些词与加法不对齐。这些发现支持了自动类比启动的可行性（B. A. 斯佩尔曼、K. J. 霍利约克和R. G. 莫里森，2001），并突出了算术应用与心算理论解释的相关性。
