Kitada Yukio, Kawahata Hodaka, Suzuki Atsushi, Oomori Tamotsu
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan.
Chemosphere. 2008 May;71(11):2082-90. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.025. Epub 2008 Mar 5.
To investigate the deteriorating health of coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, natural sediment samples were analyzed for diuron, Irgarol 1,051, chlorpyrifos, and bisphenol A (BPA) which are hazardous to corals. Samples were analyzed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Although diuron and chlorpyrifos usage is only well recorded for farms and not for cities, these chemicals were detected in both rural and urban areas. Additionally, diuron concentration in urban areas was in some cases higher than in rural areas, which might be caused by greater consumption of these chemicals in home gardens in city areas. Irgarol 1051 was detected in downstream river areas, which are situated far from the source sites such as pier or fishery harbor (0.6-3.2 km). This result suggested that Irgarol 1051 could be transported from the river mouths to the sampling sites during flood tides. High BPA concentrations were associated with urban areas (<1.2-22.0 microg kg(-1)), while low concentrations were associated with rural areas (nd-6.8 microg kg(-1)). The river sediments under study are delivered to coral reefs in large quantity through runoff caused by typhoons and other heavy rains. The highly hazardous chemicals are carried into coral reefs on these sediments. Therefore, these hazardous chemical substances may already be influencing the coral reefs.
为了调查日本冲绳珊瑚礁日益恶化的健康状况，对天然沉积物样本进行了分析，检测其中对珊瑚有害的敌草隆、代森锰锌、毒死蜱和双酚A（BPA）。样本采用固相萃取（SPE），然后通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS-MS）进行分析。尽管敌草隆和毒死蜱的使用情况仅在农场有详细记录，城市地区并无记录，但在农村和城市地区均检测到了这些化学物质。此外，城市地区的敌草隆浓度在某些情况下高于农村地区，这可能是由于城市家庭花园中这些化学物质的消耗量更大。在距离码头或渔港等源头较远（0.6 - 3.2公里）的下游河流区域检测到了代森锰锌。这一结果表明，代森锰锌可能在涨潮期间从河口被输送到采样点。高浓度的双酚A与城市地区相关（<1.2 - 22.0微克/千克），而低浓度则与农村地区相关（未检出 - 6.8微克/千克）。所研究的河流沉积物通过台风和其他暴雨引发的径流大量输送到珊瑚礁。这些高危险性化学物质随着这些沉积物进入珊瑚礁。因此，这些有害化学物质可能已经在影响珊瑚礁。
