Makishita Hiroshi, Matsunaga Katsuya
National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):567-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.012. Epub 2007 Sep 19.
This study was designed to examine differences in reaction times of drivers of various age groups and to assess the influence of mental workload on reaction times. Experiments were performed on a simulated street and under other conditions to identify drivers with long reaction times and drivers whose reaction times are affected strongly by mental workloads while driving on a public road. Reaction times after hearing a buzzer were measured under five conditions: (1) sitting in a stationary vehicle, (2) executing mental calculations in a stationary vehicle, (3) driving on a simulated street, (4) executing mental calculations while driving on a simulated street, and (5) driving on a public road. Subjects were 10 drivers each of three age groups. Each experiment was performed by these subjects under the five conditions. Results showed that mental calculations increased the average reaction time for each age group. Mental calculations increased differences among age groups and individuals, and increased differences in respective drivers' individual performance. Mental calculations influenced elderly drivers' reaction times remarkably. Results also demonstrated that an experiment on a simulated street identified drivers who showed long reaction times on a public road.
本研究旨在检验不同年龄组驾驶员的反应时间差异，并评估心理负荷对反应时间的影响。实验在模拟街道及其他条件下进行，以识别反应时间较长的驾驶员，以及在公共道路上驾驶时反应时间受心理负荷强烈影响的驾驶员。在五种条件下测量听到蜂鸣器后的反应时间：（1）坐在静止的车辆中；（2）在静止的车辆中进行心算；（3）在模拟街道上驾驶；（4）在模拟街道上驾驶时进行心算；（5）在公共道路上驾驶。受试者为三个年龄组，每组10名驾驶员。这些受试者在五种条件下进行每项实验。结果表明，心算增加了每个年龄组的平均反应时间。心算增加了年龄组之间和个体之间的差异，以及各驾驶员个人表现的差异。心算对老年驾驶员的反应时间影响显著。结果还表明，在模拟街道上进行的实验能够识别出在公共道路上反应时间较长的驾驶员。
