Kay Lynnette, Bundy Anita, Clemson Lindy, Jolly Neryla
Discipline of Occupational Therapy, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, New South Wales 1825, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):751-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.012. Epub 2007 Oct 2.
The on-road driving assessment is widely regarded as the criterion measure for driving performance despite a paucity of evidence concerning its psychometric properties. The purpose of this study was 2-fold. First, we examined the psychometric properties of an on-road driving assessment with 100 senior drivers between 60 and 86 years (80 healthy volunteers and 20 with specific vision deficits) using Rasch modeling. Second, we compared the outcome of the gestalt decision made by trained professionals with that based on weighted error scores from the standardized assessment. Rasch analysis provided good evidence for construct validity and inter-rater reliability of the on-road assessment and some evidence for internal reliability. Goodness of fit statistics for all items were within an acceptable range and the item hierarchy was logical. The test had a moderate reliability index (0.67). The best cut off score yielded sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 95% compared with the gestalt decision. Further research is required with less competent drivers to more fully examine reliability. Healthy senior drivers failed to check blind spots when changing lanes and made errors when asked to report road markings and traffic signs as they drove. In addition unsafe drivers had difficulty negotiating intersections and lane changes.
尽管关于道路驾驶评估心理测量特性的证据不足，但它仍被广泛视为驾驶性能的标准衡量方法。本研究有两个目的。首先，我们使用拉施模型，对100名年龄在60至86岁之间的老年驾驶员（80名健康志愿者和20名有特定视力缺陷者）进行道路驾驶评估，以检验其心理测量特性。其次，我们将训练有素的专业人员做出的整体决策结果与基于标准化评估加权误差分数得出的结果进行比较。拉施分析为道路评估的结构效度和评分者间信度提供了充分证据，并为内部信度提供了一些证据。所有项目的拟合优度统计数据都在可接受范围内，且项目层次合理。该测试的信度指数适中（0.67）。与整体决策相比，最佳截断分数的灵敏度为81%，特异度为95%。需要对驾驶能力较差的驾驶员进行进一步研究以更全面地检验信度。健康的老年驾驶员在变道时未检查盲点，在驾驶时被要求报告道路标线和交通标志时也会出错。此外，不安全的驾驶员在通过十字路口和变道时存在困难。
