Owsley Cynthia, Wood Joanne M, McGwin Gerald
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2015 May-Jun;60(3):250-62. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
Over the past several decades there has been a sharp increase in the number of studies focused on the relationship between vision and driving. The intensified attention to this topic has most likely been stimulated by the lack of an evidence basis for determining vision standards for driving licensure and a poor understanding about how vision impairment impacts driver safety and performance. Clinicians depend on the literature on vision and driving to advise visually impaired patients appropriately about driving fitness. Policy makers also depend on the scientific literature in order to develop guidelines that are evidence-based and are thus fair to persons who are visually impaired. Thus it is important for clinicians and policy makers alike to understand how various study designs and measurement methods should be interpreted so that the conclusions and recommendations they make are not overly broad, too narrowly constrained, or even misguided. We offer a methodological framework to guide interpretations of studies on vision and driving that can also serve as a heuristic for researchers in the area. Here, we discuss research designs and general measurement methods for the study of vision as they relate to driver safety, driver performance, and driver-centered (self-reported) outcomes.
在过去几十年里，专注于视力与驾驶之间关系的研究数量急剧增加。对这一主题关注度的提高，很可能是由于缺乏确定驾驶执照视力标准的证据基础，以及对视力障碍如何影响驾驶员安全和驾驶表现的理解不足。临床医生依靠有关视力与驾驶的文献，为视力受损患者提供关于驾驶适宜性的合理建议。政策制定者也依靠科学文献来制定基于证据的指导方针，从而对视力受损者公平。因此，临床医生和政策制定者都必须了解如何解读各种研究设计和测量方法，以便他们得出的结论和建议不会过于宽泛、过于狭窄或甚至产生误导。我们提供了一个方法框架，以指导对视力与驾驶研究的解读，该框架也可作为该领域研究人员的启发式工具。在此，我们讨论与驾驶员安全、驾驶表现以及以驾驶员为中心（自我报告）的结果相关的视力研究的研究设计和一般测量方法。
