Chotard Carole, Salecker Iris
MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK.
Neuron Glia Biol. 2007 Feb;3(1):17-25. doi: 10.1017/S1740925X07000592.
In the developing nervous system, building a functional neuronal network relies on coordinating the formation, specification and survival to diverse neuronal and glial cell subtypes. The establishment of neuronal connections further depends on sequential neuron-neuron and neuron-glia interactions that regulate cell-migration patterns and axon guidance. The visual system of Drosophila has a highly regular, retinotopic organization into reiterated interconnected synaptic circuits. It is therefore an excellent invertebrate model to investigate basic cellular strategies and molecular determinants regulating the different developmental processes that lead to network formation. Studies in the visual system have provided important insights into the mechanisms by which photoreceptor axons connect with their synaptic partners within the optic lobe. In this review, we highlight that this system is also well suited for uncovering general principles that underlie glial cell biology. We describe the glial cell subtypes in the visual system and discuss recent findings about their development and migration. Finally, we outline the pivotal roles of glial cells in mediating neural circuit assembly, boundary formation, neural proliferation and survival, as well as synaptic function.
在发育中的神经系统中，构建一个功能正常的神经元网络依赖于协调不同神经元和神经胶质细胞亚型的形成、特化和存活。神经元连接的建立进一步依赖于调节细胞迁移模式和轴突导向的神经元-神经元和神经元-神经胶质细胞之间的顺序相互作用。果蝇的视觉系统具有高度规则的视网膜拓扑组织，形成重复的相互连接的突触回路。因此，它是研究调节导致网络形成的不同发育过程的基本细胞策略和分子决定因素的优秀无脊椎动物模型。对视觉系统的研究为光感受器轴突与其在视叶内的突触伙伴建立连接的机制提供了重要见解。在这篇综述中，我们强调这个系统也非常适合揭示神经胶质细胞生物学的一般原则。我们描述了视觉系统中的神经胶质细胞亚型，并讨论了关于它们发育和迁移的最新发现。最后，我们概述了神经胶质细胞在介导神经回路组装、边界形成、神经增殖和存活以及突触功能中的关键作用。
