Shaya Fadia T, Flores David, Gbarayor Confidence M, Wang Jingshu
Center on Drugs and Public Policy, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
J Sch Health. 2008 Apr;78(4):189-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00285.x.
Childhood obesity is an impending epidemic. This article is an overview of different interventions conducted in school settings so as to guide efforts for an effective management of obesity in children, thus minimizing the risk of adult obesity and related cardiovascular risk.
PubMed and OVID Medline databases were searched for school-based obesity interventions with anthropometric measures in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 19 years from June 1986 to June 2006. Studies were reviewed by duration, type of intervention, and defined qualitative and quantitative measures, resulting in a yield of 51 intervention studies.
The interventions ranged from 4 weeks in length to as long as 8 continuing years. In total, 15 of the intervention studies exclusively utilized physical activity programs, 16 studies exclusively utilized educational models and behavior modification strategies, and 20 studies utilized both. In addition, 31 studies utilized exclusively quantitative variables like body mass indices and waist-to-hip ratios to measure the efficacy of the intervention programs, and another 20 studies utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative measures that included self-reported physical activity and attitude toward physical activity and the tested knowledge of nutrition, cardiovascular health, and physical fitness. A total of 40 studies achieved positive statistically significant results between the baseline and the follow-up quantitative measurements.
No persistence of positive results in reducing obesity in school-age children has been observed. Studies employing long-term follow-up of quantitative and qualitative measurements of short-term interventions in particular are warranted.
儿童肥胖是一场即将爆发的流行病。本文概述了在学校环境中开展的不同干预措施，以指导有效管理儿童肥胖的工作，从而将成人肥胖及相关心血管疾病风险降至最低。
检索了PubMed和OVID Medline数据库，查找1986年6月至2006年6月期间针对7至19岁儿童和青少年开展的、采用人体测量学方法的基于学校的肥胖干预措施。根据干预持续时间、干预类型以及既定的定性和定量测量方法对研究进行了综述，最终得到51项干预研究。
干预措施的时长从4周到长达8年不等。总共有15项干预研究仅采用体育活动计划，16项研究仅采用教育模式和行为改变策略，20项研究同时采用了这两种方法。此外，31项研究仅使用体重指数和腰臀比等定量变量来衡量干预计划的效果，另外20项研究采用了定量和定性测量相结合的方法，包括自我报告的体育活动、对体育活动的态度以及对营养、心血管健康和身体素质的测试知识。共有40项研究在基线和随访定量测量之间取得了具有统计学意义的积极结果。
尚未观察到在降低学龄儿童肥胖方面持续取得积极成果。尤其有必要对短期干预措施进行定量和定性测量的长期随访研究。
