Albrecht Bjoern, Brandeis Daniel, Uebel Henrik, Heinrich Hartmut, Mueller Ueli C, Hasselhorn Marcus, Steinhausen Hans-Christoph, Rothenberger Aribert, Banaschewski Tobias
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Germany.
Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Oct 1;64(7):615-25. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.12.016. Epub 2008 Mar 14.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a very common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorder associated with dysfunctions in fronto-striatal networks that control attention and response organization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether features of action monitoring related to dopaminergic functions represent endophenotypes that are brain functions on the pathway from genes and environmental risk factors to behavior.
Action monitoring and error processing as indicated by behavioral and electrophysiological parameters during a flanker task were examined in boys with ADHD combined type according to DSM-IV (n = 68), their nonaffected siblings (n = 18), and healthy control subjects with no known family history of ADHD (n = 22).
Boys with ADHD displayed slower and more variable reaction-times. Error negativity (Ne) was smaller in boys with ADHD compared with healthy control subjects, whereas nonaffected siblings displayed intermediate amplitudes following a linear model predicted by genetic concordance. The three groups did not differ on error positivity (Pe). The N2 amplitude enhancement due to conflict (incongruent flankers) was reduced in the ADHD group. Nonaffected siblings also displayed intermediate N2 enhancement.
Converging evidence from behavioral and event-related potential findings suggests that action monitoring and initial error processing, both related to dopaminergically modulated functions of anterior cingulate cortex, might be an endophenotype related to ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种非常常见且具有高度遗传性的儿童精神障碍，与控制注意力和反应组织的额纹状体网络功能障碍有关。本研究的目的是调查与多巴胺能功能相关的动作监测特征是否代表从基因和环境风险因素到行为的通路中的脑功能内表型。
根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV），对68名ADHD混合型男孩、18名未受影响的同胞以及22名无ADHD家族史的健康对照受试者进行了研究，通过侧抑制任务中的行为和电生理参数来检查动作监测和错误处理情况。
患有ADHD的男孩反应时间更慢且变化更大。与健康对照受试者相比，患有ADHD的男孩的错误负波（Ne）较小，而未受影响的同胞根据遗传一致性预测的线性模型显示出中等幅度。三组在错误正波（Pe）上没有差异。ADHD组中由于冲突（不一致的侧翼刺激）导致的N2波幅增强减少。未受影响的同胞也显示出中等程度的N2增强。
行为和事件相关电位研究结果的汇聚证据表明，与前扣带回皮质多巴胺能调节功能相关的动作监测和初始错误处理可能是与ADHD相关的内表型。
