Mou Weimin, Xiao Chengli, McNamara Timothy P
State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China.
Cognition. 2008 Jul;108(1):136-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.02.004. Epub 2008 Mar 14.
Two experiments investigated participants' spatial memory of a briefly viewed layout. Participants saw an array of five objects on a table and, after a short delay, indicated whether the target object indicated by the experimenter had been moved. Experiment 1 showed that change detection was more accurate when non-target objects were stationary than when non-target objects were moved. This context effect was observed when participants were tested both at the original learning perspective and at a novel perspective. In Experiment 2, the arrays of five objects were presented on a rectangular table and two of the non-target objects were aligned with the longer axis of the table. Change detection was more accurate when the target object was presented with the two objects that were aligned with the longer axis of the table during learning than when the target object was presented with the two objects that were not aligned with the longer axis of the table during learning. These results indicated that the spatial memory of a briefly viewed layout has interobject spatial relations represented and utilizes an allocentric reference direction.
两项实验研究了参与者对简要浏览过的布局的空间记忆。参与者看到桌子上有一排五个物体，经过短暂延迟后，指出实验者所指示的目标物体是否被移动了。实验1表明，当非目标物体静止时，变化检测比非目标物体移动时更准确。当参与者在原始学习视角和新视角下都进行测试时，都观察到了这种情境效应。在实验2中，五个物体的阵列呈现在一个矩形桌子上，其中两个非目标物体与桌子的长轴对齐。当目标物体在学习过程中与两个与桌子长轴对齐的物体一起呈现时，变化检测比目标物体在学习过程中与两个与桌子长轴不对齐的物体一起呈现时更准确。这些结果表明，对简要浏览过的布局的空间记忆具有物体间的空间关系表征，并利用了一个以自我为中心的参考方向。
