Reynolds Sheila M, Berridge Kent C
Department of Psychology, 525 E. University Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1109, USA.
Nat Neurosci. 2008 Apr;11(4):423-5. doi: 10.1038/nn2061. Epub 2008 Mar 16.
The nucleus accumbens mediates both appetitive motivation for rewards and fearful motivation toward threats, which are generated in part by glutamate-related circuits organized in a keyboard fashion. At rostral sites of the medial shell, localized glutamate disruptions typically generate intense appetitive behaviors in rats, but the disruption incrementally generates fearful behaviors as microinjection sites move more caudally. We found that exposure to stressful environments caused caudal fear-generating zones to expand rostrally, filling approximately 90% of the shell. Conversely, a preferred home environment caused fear-generating zones to shrink and appetitive-generating zones to expand caudally, filling approximately 90% of the shell. Thus, the emotional environments retuned the generation of motivation in corticolimbic circuits.
伏隔核介导对奖励的欲望动机和对威胁的恐惧动机，这些动机部分由以键盘方式组织的谷氨酸相关回路产生。在内侧壳的吻侧部位，局部谷氨酸紊乱通常会在大鼠中引发强烈的欲望行为，但随着微量注射部位向尾侧移动，这种紊乱会逐渐引发恐惧行为。我们发现，暴露于应激环境会导致尾侧恐惧产生区向吻侧扩展，占据壳的约90%。相反，适宜的家庭环境会使恐惧产生区缩小，欲望产生区向尾侧扩展，占据壳的约90%。因此，情绪环境重新调整了皮质边缘回路中动机的产生。
