Ramos Maria Luiza Christovão, Gragnani Alfredo, Ferreira Lydia M
Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Burn Care Res. 2008 Mar-Apr;29(2):363-8. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181667557.
Wound healing in hypertrophic scarring and keloid animal models presents significant differences when compared with humans. A brief review is presented about hypertrophic scarring in animal models during the last 5 years. Models were described by animals and scientific artifices to cause hypertrophic scarring. They were divided into 1) heterologous hypertrophic scarring or keloid implants in immunodeficient animals (athymic mice and rats); 2) heterologous hypertrophic scarring or keloid implant in immune privileged site (hamster cheek pouch); 3) hypertrophic scarring or keloid induction via chemically mediated injury (guinea pigs); 4) hypertrophic scarring or keloid induction in anatomic specific site (rabbit ear); and the 5) porcine model. The ideal model would allow to research pathophysiology, histology, and molecular events during time and to test prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for humans. Some of these animals were useful to study specific steps of the scarring process and better understand abnormal wound healing, but none of them have a widespread use. Most recently, the female red Duroc pigs were validated as a new model, demonstrating its similarity to human conditions in different ways. Full-thickness human skin grafts in nude mice also represent improvement in the search of an ideal hypertrophic scarring animal model.
与人类相比，肥厚性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩动物模型中的伤口愈合存在显著差异。本文简要回顾了过去5年动物模型中肥厚性瘢痕的研究情况。通过动物和科学手段描述了导致肥厚性瘢痕的模型。它们分为：1）免疫缺陷动物（无胸腺小鼠和大鼠）中的异种肥厚性瘢痕或瘢痕疙瘩植入物；2）免疫特惠部位（仓鼠颊囊）中的异种肥厚性瘢痕或瘢痕疙瘩植入物；3）通过化学介导损伤诱导肥厚性瘢痕或瘢痕疙瘩（豚鼠）；4）在解剖特定部位诱导肥厚性瘢痕或瘢痕疙瘩（兔耳）；以及5）猪模型。理想的模型应能研究不同时间的病理生理学、组织学和分子事件，并测试针对人类的预防和治疗方法。其中一些动物有助于研究瘢痕形成过程的特定步骤，更好地理解异常伤口愈合，但它们都没有得到广泛应用。最近，雌性红色杜洛克猪被确认为一种新模型，以不同方式证明了其与人类情况的相似性。裸鼠中的全层人类皮肤移植在寻找理想的肥厚性瘢痕动物模型方面也代表了一种进步。
