van der Bruggen Corine O, Stams Geert Jan J M, Bögels Susan M
Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;49(12):1257-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01898.x. Epub 2008 Mar 17.
There is growing research interest in the association between parental control and child anxiety. Parental control may enhance child anxiety and parents may exert control in anticipation of their child's anxiety-related distress. Moreover, high levels of anxiety in parents could influence the development of parental control. Whereas past reviews have solely examined the relation between child anxiety and parental control, this meta-analysis focuses on the associations between both child and parent anxiety and parental control.
The associations of parent anxiety and child anxiety with observed parental control (k = 23 studies, N = 1,305 parent-child dyads) were investigated using a meta-analytic approach. Moreover, factors were identified that may function as moderators of these relations, such as parent and child gender, family socioeconomic status, child age, and design and measurement characteristics.
A substantial association between child anxiety and parental control (d = .58) was found. Moderator analyses yielded the strongest effect sizes for studies with an overrepresentation of girls, for school-aged children, for families from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, and for studies using a discussion task to assess parental control. Although a nonsignificant relation was found for the relation between parent anxiety and parental control (d = .08), small but significant effects were found for school-aged children, for studies using a discussion task to assess parental control, and for samples with an overrepresentation of boys.
As the direction of the association between child anxiety and parental control is unknown, future studies should use experimental designs to further explore the causal link between child anxiety and parental control.
关于父母控制与儿童焦虑之间的关联，研究兴趣日益浓厚。父母控制可能会加剧儿童焦虑，并且父母可能会因预期孩子与焦虑相关的痛苦而实施控制。此外，父母的高焦虑水平可能会影响父母控制的发展。以往的综述仅考察了儿童焦虑与父母控制之间的关系，而本荟萃分析则聚焦于儿童和父母焦虑与父母控制之间的关联。
采用荟萃分析方法，研究父母焦虑和儿童焦虑与观察到的父母控制之间的关联（k = 23项研究，N = 1305对亲子）。此外，还确定了可能作为这些关系调节因素的因素，如父母和孩子的性别、家庭社会经济地位、孩子年龄以及设计和测量特征。
发现儿童焦虑与父母控制之间存在显著关联（d = 0.58）。调节因素分析显示，对于女孩占多数的研究、学龄儿童、社会经济背景较高的家庭以及使用讨论任务评估父母控制的研究，效应量最强。虽然父母焦虑与父母控制之间的关系不显著（d = 0.08），但对于学龄儿童、使用讨论任务评估父母控制以及男孩占多数的样本，发现了虽小但显著的效应。
由于儿童焦虑与父母控制之间关联的方向尚不清楚，未来的研究应采用实验设计，以进一步探索儿童焦虑与父母控制之间的因果关系。
